Thermoeconomic multi-objective optimization of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) adapted to an existing solid waste power plant

Determination of optimum geothermal Rankine cycle parameters utilizing coaxial heat exchanger

In the recent era of development, energy consumption increased many folds. While tapping this energy from various resources, almost half of this energy is dumped back into the environment causing adverse environmental imbalance. This can be mitigated by the recovery and utilization of waste heat which will also lead to the conservation of fossil fuel. In the present study, various waste heat recovery (WHR) technologies are explored and a state-of-the-art review is conducted with a particular focus on Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). It is concluded that ORC technology is a reliable and promising solution. In the present study research challenges associated with the selection of ORC working fluid are evaluated and described. It is found that zeotropic mixtures could be good alternatives because of their temperature glide reducing the irreversibility of the system. The research is conducted on different configurations of ORC such as Regenerative cycle, CO2 transcritical power cycle (CTPC), and cascade ORC system. It is explored from the literature that the high thermal decomposition temperature of carbon dioxide reduces the irreversibility in CTPC systems. Multi-grade waste heat is efficiently recovered by the Cascade-Organic Rankine Cycle (C-ORC). Technical challenges in the application of Phase Change Material (PCM) into WHR and utilization of WHR in adsorption cooling and Hybrid vehicle is critically reviewed to identify the potential knowledge gap between the present status and futuristic research. The study also discussed the present Indian scenario of WHR utilization for ORC applications.

A critical review on waste heat recovery utilization with special focus on Organic Rankine Cycle applications

Waste heat recovery at low temperature from heat pumps, power cycles and integrated systems – Review on system performance and environmental perspectives

In this study, two novel high‐temperature heat pump systems based on vapor compression cycles are introduced and examined. Three fluids (water, cyclohexane, and biphenyl) are selected and analyzed thermodynamically as prospective working fluids for the high‐temperature heat pumps. These working fluids are used in cascaded cycles to upgrade the heat to a temperature of 600°C. The equations of state used in performance analysis are Peng‐Robinson, non‐random two‐liquid model, and International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam 95. A parametric analysis is carried out to study the effects of isentropic efficiency, sink temperature, source temperature, and ambient temperature on the system performance. Both energetic and exergetic coefficients of performance (COPs) of the overall and individual cycles are determined. The COP values obtained are found to range from 2.3 to 3.8, depending upon the cycle and temperature levels. The high COP values in some instances make these systems promising alternatives to fossil fuel and electrical heating. As a possible sustainable scenario, these pumps can utilize low‐grade heat from geothermal, nuclear, or thermal power plants and derive work from clean energy sources (solar, wind, nuclear) to deliver high‐grade heat. The high delivery temperatures make these heat pumps suitable for processes with corresponding needs, like high‐temperature endothermic reactions, metallurgical processes, distillation, and thermochemical water splitting.

https://ir.library.dc-uoit.ca/bitstream/10155/682/1/Singh_Vishavdeep.pdf

Investigation of new mechanical heat pump systems for heat upgrading applications

In the current study, simulations based on the engineering equation solver (EES) software are performed to determine the suitable working fluid for the simple organic Rankine cycle system in different temperature ranges. Under the condition of various temperatures and a constant thermal power of the flue gas, the influence of different organic working fluids on the efficiency of the subcritical organic Rankine cycle power generation system is studied, and its efficiency and other parameters are compared with those of the regenerator system. It is shown that the efficiency of the subcritical organic Rankine cycle system is the best when the parameters of the working fluid in the expander inlet are in the saturation state. And for the organic Rankine cycle, the R245fa is better than other working fluids and the efficiency of the system reaches up to 10.2% when the flammability, the toxicity, the ozone depletion, the greenhouse effect and other factors of the working fluids are considered. The R601a working fluid can be used for the high-temperature heat source, however, because of its high flammability, new working fluid should be investigated. Under the same condition, the efficiency of the organic Rankine cycle power generation system with an internal heat exchanger is higher than that of the simple system without the internal heat exchanger, but the efficiency is related to the properties of the working fluid and the temperature of the heat source.

Selection of organic Rankine cycle working fluids in the low-temperature waste heat utilization

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Selection of organic Rankine cycle working fluids in the low-temperature waste heat utilization