Background Iron deficiency or overload may contribute to complications associated with diseases, but the link between iron status and skeletal muscle disorder is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum iron status, reflected by serum ferritin concentration, and muscle mass in U.S. adults. Methods We utilized data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2018 for analysis. Data on serum ferritin, appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), body mass index (BMI) and confounding factors were extracted and analyzed. Multivariate linear regression analyses and smooth curve fittings were employed to investigate the association between serum ferritin and muscle mass. Subgroup analysis based on iron status, age, gender and race were performed. Results A total of 2,078 participants were included, and divided into iron deficiency (n = 225), normal iron status (n = 1,366), and iron overload (n = 487) groups. Participants with iron overload had significantly lower ASM and appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI) (ASM: 19.329 ± 4.879, ASMI: 0.709 ± 0.138) compared to those with iron deficiency (ASM: 22.660 ± 6.789, ASMI: 0.803 ± 0.206) and normal iron status (ASM: 22.235 ± 6.167, ASMI: 0.807 ± 0.201). The serum ferritin was negatively linked with muscle mass after adjusting for potential confounders (β = −0.0001, 95% CI: −0.0001, −0.0000). When stratified by iron status, the trend test between them remained significant (P for trend: 0.008). Furthermore, subgroup analysis identified a stronger association in men (β = −0.0001, 95% CI: −0.0002, −0.0001), age ≥ 40 years (β = −0.0001, 95% CI: −0.0002, −0.0000), non-Hispanic black (β = −0.0002, 95% CI: −0.0003, −0.0001) and other races (β = −0.0002, 95% CI: −0.0003, −0.0000). Conclusions Our study revealed an inverse relationship between serum iron status and muscle mass in adults. This finding improves our understanding of the impact of serum iron status on muscle mass, and sheds new light on the prevention and treatment of muscle loss.

/pdf/association-between-serum-iron-status-and-muscle-mass-in-1vodw79f.pdf

Association Between Serum Iron Status and Muscle Mass in Adults: Results From NHANES 2015–2018

Pingchuan Formula (PCF) is a traditional Chinese recipe. PCF improves chronic airway inflammation by correcting the imbalance of T-helper cell ratio. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of PCF on pathological changes in the lungs of asthmatic mice in terms of Treg/Th17 balance. A bronchial asthma BALB/c mouse model was established using the ovalbumin excitation method. Distilled water (for MDL group) and drugs (for DEX or PCF group) were administered by gavage immediately after the first excitation. Mice were sacrificed after 7 and 28 d treatment. Lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were collected and lung pathological changes were observed after hematoxylin and eosin staining. Differential cell counts, concentrations of interleukins-6, -17, -23 and TGF-β in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of transcriptional factors Foxp3 and RORγt was determined by immunohistochemistry and immunoblot. An asthma model was successfully established. After 7 or 28 d treatment, lung pathological changes were improved and concentration of interleukins-6, -17, -23 and TGF-β in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid significantly decreased in the PCF group. RORγt expression in lung tissue was decreased in the PCF group, while Foxp3 expression increased (all P values < 0.05 compared with the MDL group). There was no significant difference between the PCF and DEX group except that mice in the PCF group lost less bodyweight. Treatment with PCF downregulates RORγt, elevates Foxp3 expression, reduces interleukins-6, -17, -23 and TGF-β in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, thus restoring Th17/Treg balance, improving airway inflammation and reducing asthma symptoms.

/pdf/pingchuan-formula-improves-asthma-via-restoration-of-the-2elj5hnhbi.pdf

Pingchuan formula improves asthma via restoration of the Th17/Treg balance in a mouse model

Abstract Background and aim Ferritin level is decreased in iron deficiency (ID) and increased in inflammation as an acute-phase reacting protein. In the case of inflammation ferritin, level may not decrease even if ID is present. Inflammation is regarded as one of the mechanisms of aging. This subclinical systemic inflammatory state is named as “inflammaging”. The aim of this study is to assess whether serum ferritin levels could indicate aging-associated inflammation rather than ID in older adults. Methods Consecutive 1310 patients admitted to the geriatric medicine outpatient clinic were enrolled. The clinical conditions, which could alter acute-phase reactants, were excluded. ID diagnosis was made by transferrin saturation ( Results Mean age was 71.8 ± 6.9 years and 827 (63.1%) were female. Ferritin levels were significantly higher in patients with subclinical inflammatory state and significantly lower in patients with ID. The interrelationships of the ferritin with acute-phase reactants were stronger than its relationship with the ID. Conclusion The results of this study suggested that the ferritin level can increase with aging as a part of the ongoing asymptomatic chronic systemic inflammatory state called inflammaging. Inflammaging can result with increased ferritin levels, even if there is ID. Normal or elevated levels of ferritin in the geriatric population should not exclude ID in clinical practice.

Iconographies supplémentaires de l'article : Increased ferritin levels could reflect ongoing aging-associated inflammation and may obscure underlying iron deficiency in the geriatric population

Abstract Although serum iron status and sarcopenia are closely linked, the presence of comprehensive evidence to establish a causal relationship between them remains insufficient. The objective of this study is to employ Mendelian randomization techniques to clarify the association between serum iron status and sarcopenia. We conducted a bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the potential causal relationship between iron status and sarcopenia. MR analyses were performed using inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median methods. Additionally, sensitivity analyses were conducted to verify the reliability of the causal association results. Then, we harvested a combination of SNPs as an integrated proxy for iron status to perform a MVMR analysis based on IVW MVMR model. UVMR analyses based on IVW method identified causal effect of ferritin on appendicular lean mass (ALM, β = − 0.051, 95% CI − 0.072, − 0.031, p = 7.325 × 10 –07 ). Sensitivity analyses did not detect pleiotropic effects or result fluctuation by outlying SNPs in the effect estimates of four iron status on sarcopenia-related traits. After adjusting for PA, the analysis still revealed that each standard deviation higher genetically predicted ferritin was associated with lower ALM (β = − 0.054, 95% CI − 0.092, − 0.015, p = 0.006). Further, MVMR analyses determined a predominant role of ferritin (β = − 0.068, 95% CI − 0.12, − 0.017, p = 9.658 × 10 –03 ) in the associations of iron status with ALM. Our study revealed a causal association between serum iron status and sarcopenia, with ferritin playing a key role in this relationship. These findings contribute to our understanding of the complex interplay between iron metabolism and muscle health. 

Iron status and sarcopenia-related traits: a bi-directional Mendelian randomization study

Abstract Objective To investigate the role of Pingchuan formula (PCF) and its separated recipes (QYF and HTF) in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mouse model and explore its possible mechanisms. Methods A bronchial asthma mouse model was established using the ovalbumin excitation method. Distilled saline (for Sham group) and drugs (for DEX or PCF, QYF, HTF group) were administered by gavage immediately after the excitation. Mice were sacrificed after 61 days treatment. Lung tissue sections were stained with haemotoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome. The concentrations of interleukins (IL)-1β, -18, and TGF-β in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of NLRP3 and caspase-1 was determined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and Real-time PCR. Moreover, the levels of JNK, p-JNK, MMP-9, N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and T-NC were determined by Western blot. Results The asthma model was successfully established and the PCF, QYF, and HTF treatments effectively reduced lung tissue inflammation and deposition of airway collagen fibers. It was also observed that PCF significantly inhibited the release of IL-1β, -18, and TGF-β in BALF. Meanwhile, the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, p-JNK, MMP-9, N-cadherin, and T-NC were markedly downregulated while E-cadherin was upregulated in the lung tissue of asthmatic mice. Conclusions These findings demonstrated that PCF and its separated recipes attenuate OVA‐induced pulmonary inflammation and promoted airway remodeling in mice via inhibiting NLRP3/IL-1β in asthma. 

/pdf/pingchuan-formula-and-its-separated-recipes-improve-airway-427i7f0q.pdf

Pingchuan formula and its separated recipes improve airway remodeling via regulation of the NLRP3/IL-1β axis in asthmatic mice

We investigated the effect of Yi Gong San (YGS) decoction on iron homeostasis and the possible underlying mechanisms in a mouse model of acute inflammation in this study. Our findings suggest that YGS regulates iron homeostasis by downregulating the level of HAMP mRNA, which may depend on regulation of the IL-6/STAT3 or BMP/HJV/SMAD pathway during acute inflammation.

/pdf/effect-of-yi-gong-san-decoction-on-iron-homeostasis-in-a-4xfe79fuoo.pdf

Effect of Yi Gong San Decoction on Iron Homeostasis in a Mouse Model of Acute Inflammation

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of Pingchuan Recipe, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine for treating bronchial asthma, on macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) and immunoglobulin E (IgE) contents and CD86 expression in a mouse model of bronchial asthma, and to investigate the mechanism of Pingchuan Recipe in regulating airway remodeling in mice with bronchial asthma. METHODS Fifty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal control group, untreated group, dexamethasone group, low-dose Pingchuan Recipe group and normal-dose Pingchuan Recipe group. Bronchial asthma in mice was induced by intra-abdominal injection of mixed ovalbumin and stimulation by inhaling 5% ovalbumin. Mice in the normal control group and the untreated group did not receive treatment, but mice in the other groups were administered intragastrically with 50 g/ (kg * d) Pingchuan Recipe, 25 g/ (kg * d) Pingchuan Recipe and 0.75 mg/ (kg * d) dexamethasone, respectively. After consecutive treatment for 8 weeks, the MIP-1alpha contents in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by an avidin biotin complex-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ABC-ELISA) system, and the IgE contents in serum and BALF were measured by ELISA method. Direct immunofluorescence-flow cytometry was used to detect the percentages of CD86(+) and CD3(-) CD86(+) cells in peripheral blood and BALF. General histological changes of the lung tissue were observed by HE staining and collagen fiber staining 12 weeks after activation. RESULTS Compared with the normal control group, the contents of MIP-1alpha, the percentages of CD86(+) cells and CD3(-) CD86(+) cells in peripheral blood and BALF, and the contents of IgE in serum and BALF were raised significantly (P 0.05). The percentage of CD3(-) CD86(+) cells in peripheral blood in low-dose Pingchuan Recipe group was lower than that in the dexamethasone group. Compared with the untreated group, the collagen deposition in the wall of bronchiole in the treated groups was decreased. CONCLUSION Pingchuan Recipe can decrease the contents of MIP-1alpha, IgE and the expressions of CD86 in peripheral blood and BALF, which may be one of its mechanisms in improving chronic airway inflammation and inhibiting airway remodeling.

Effects of Pingchuan Recipe on airway remodeling in mice with bronchial asthma

The invention relates to a reagent for detecting TFR2 R25C gene mutation and application of the reagent. Specifically, the reagent for detecting the TFR2 R25C gene mutation can be used for preparing a reagent for detecting hemochromatosis. The research shows that 73rd nucleotide cytosine C in TFR2 gene exon2 of a hemochromatosis patient is mutated into thymine T to cause the situation that 25th arginine in protein is substituted with cysteine. According to the reagent, the genetic foundation of the hemochromatosis is discovered, so that genetic hemochromatosis can be quickly and early diagnosed in clinic and the misdiagnosis and the missed diagnosis can be reduced.

Reagent for detecting TFR2 R25C gene mutation and application of reagent

The invention discloses an application of Yigong powder in preparation of drug for treating splenomegaly and mitochondrial damage caused by anemia of chronic disease, infection or inflammation disease. The Yigong powder is applied to prepare a drug for treating splenomegaly and mitochondrial damage caused by anemia of chronic disease, infection or inflammation disease, the adaptation disease of the formula is enlarged, and a new treatment drug is provided for these patients with uncontrolled basic disease and anemia of chronic disease. The Yigong powder can improve the effect of hemoglobin ofanemia of chronic disease (ACD), and further correct the anemia of chronic disease; meanwhile, the Yigong powder can obviously reduce the splenomegaly caused by inflammation; through reducing spleen phagocytosis to red cells, the ACD anemia can be improved; besides, the Yigong powder also can protect mitochondria and lighten the mitochondria damage caused by inflammation; through the autophagy wayof mitochondria, the injured autophagy is removed, and the influence of inflammation on an organism is reduced.

Application of Yigong powder in preparation of drug for treating splenomegaly and mitochondrial damage caused by anemia of chronic disease, infection or inflammation disease

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Effect of Yi Gong San Decoction on Iron Homeostasis in a Mouse Model of Acute Inflammation

Effects of Pingchuan Recipe on airway remodeling in mice with bronchial asthma

Reagent for detecting TFR2 R25C gene mutation and application of reagent

Application of Yigong powder in preparation of drug for treating splenomegaly and mitochondrial damage caused by anemia of chronic disease, infection or inflammation disease