Positive and negative effects of recirculating aquaculture water advanced oxidation: O3 and O3/UV treatments improved water quality but increased antibiotic resistance genes.

This review is the ninth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2016. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented over 30 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show no sign of deminishing. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev.

Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2015-2016.

Radish (Raphanus sativus L), is a taproot plant that undergoes noticeable organ size modification during plant growth and development. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) inhibits gibberellin biosynthesis and stimulates the proliferation and expansion of plant root cells in growth and developmental stages. Our study aims to examine the effects of PBZ treatment on the storage organ of plant. Four treatments were applied at the pre-cortex splitting stage of “Nau-yh” radish plant. Foliar spray treatments including PBZ (50 mg/L), gibberellic acid (GA3, 150 mg/L) and a mix of GA3+PBZ (150+50 mg/L) were applied. The results revealed considerable improvement in taproot growth and decreases development in aerial parts after 48 days of the growth. Paclobutrazol treatment showed enhanced growth parameters, most notably, root weight was 33% higher than GA treatment, 28% higher than the control (H2O), and 23% higher than the PBZ+GA treatment. PBZ also significantly promoted xylem development in tuberous root of radish. In contrast, the GA3 treatment inhibited tuberous root growth and enhanced shoot growth in plants. Furthermore, mass spectrometry assay confirmed the absence of gibberellins in paclobutrazol-treated plants, whereas auxin was found in all treatments. Our study provides the first evidence on the applicability of PBZ in root size expansion of radish plant. © 2017 Friends Science Publishers

/pdf/effects-of-gibberellin-and-gibberellin-biosynthesis-jgpfge0go1.pdf

Effects of gibberellin and gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor (paclobutrazol) applications on radish (Raphanus sativus) taproot expansion and the presence of authentic hormones.

Discovery and biochemical characterization of a mannose phosphorylase catalyzing the synthesis of novel β-1,3-mannosides.

Glycoside phosphorylases (GPs) are a major group of enzymes which catalyze the reversible formation and cleavage of glycosidic linkages, thus combining a dual functionality of both glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and glycosyltransferases (GTs). This unique advantage of reversibility, alongside with the strict regioselectivity, and the use of simple sugar phosphate donors, makes phosphorylases valuable catalysts in the synthesis of various carbohydrate structures, such as the synthesis of low-calorie sweeteners and valuable disaccharides, the synthesis of prebiotic compounds linked to health benefits, synthetic drug delivery systems and other physiological related structures, including, core components of N-linked glycans, O-linked mucin glycoproteins. Although these types of enzymes are still under-explored compared to the glycoside hydrolases and the glycosyltransferases, recently more discovered phosphorylases had been reported leading to more possibilities of synthesizing difficult glycosides. Herein we provide an overview of the distribution of GPs within the carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZy) database, and the recent utilization of these enzymes for synthetic approaches of di- and oligosaccharides.

Glycoside phosphorylases for carbohydrate synthesis: An insight into the diversity and potentiality

Enzymatic glycosylation of indoxyglycosides catalyzed by a novel maltose phosphorylase from Emticicia oligotrophica

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Enzymatic glycosylation of indoxyglycosides catalyzed by a novel maltose phosphorylase from Emticicia oligotrophica