A process for the selective production of ethanol by vapor phase reaction of acetic acid over a hydrogenating catalyst composition to form ethanol is disclosed and claimed. In an embodiment of this invention reaction of acetic acid and hydrogen over either cobalt and palladium supported on graphite or cobalt and platinum supported on silica selectively produces ethanol in a vapor phase at a temperature of about 25O0C.

Ethanol production from acetic acid utilizing a cobalt catalyst

High shear mixers (HSMs), characterized by their highly localized energy dissipation, are widely used in process industries for dispersed phase size reduction and reactive mixing. Research findings on typical applications of HSMs have been summarized in this paper, namely liquid–liquid emulsification, solid–liquid suspension and chemical reactions, with an emphasis on the emulsification due to relatively intensive research in this area. The design and control of HSMs as chemical reactors need comprehensive knowledge of both the reactions kinetics and the HSMs hydrodynamics. Therefore, hydrodynamics of HSMs in terms of power draw, flow pattern and energy dissipation are then particularly reviewed from both experimental fluid dynamics (EFD) measurements and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Limited reports on the mass and heat transfer properties in HSMs are also introduced to demonstrate their potential applicability to intensify chemical reaction processes. Due to difficulties and challenges emerged in the experimentations, CFD tools play an important role in the design, optimization and scale-up of HSMs, yet the prediction accuracies still need to be improved.

High shear mixers: A review of typical applications and studies on power draw, flow pattern, energy dissipation and transfer properties

A process for selective formation of ethanol from acetic acid includes contacting a feed stream containing acetic acid and hydrogen at an elevated temperature with catalyst comprising platinum and tin on a high surface area silica promoted with calcium metasilicate Selectivities to ethanol of over 85% are achieved at 280° C with catalyst life in the hundreds of hours

Tunable catalyst gas phase hydrogenation of carboxylic acids

Catalysts and processes for forming catalysts for use in hydrogenating acetic acid to form ethanol. In one embodiment, the catalyst comprises a first metal, a silicaceous support, and at least one metasilicate support modifier. Preferably, the first metal is selected from the group consisting of copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum, titanium, zinc, chromium, rhenium, molybdenum, and tungsten. In addition the catalyst may comprise a second metal preferably selected from the group consisting of copper, molybdenum, tin, chromium, iron, cobalt, vanadium, tungsten, palladium, platinum, lanthanum, cerium, manganese, ruthenium, rhenium, gold, and nickel.

Catalysts for making ethanol from acetic acid

An adhesive composition comprises: (i) at least one ethylene/α-olefin interpolymer, (ii) at least one tackifEer; and (iii) optionally at least one additive, such as a plasticizer, wax and antioxidant. Preferably, the ethylene/α-olefm interpolymer has a Mw/Mn from about 1.7 to about 3.5, at least one melting point, Tm, in degrees Celsius, and a density, d, in grams/cubic centimeter, wherein the numerical values of Tm and d correspond to the relationship: Tm ≥ 858.91 - 1825.3(d) + 1112.8(d)2. The composition has relatively higher SAFT temperature and can be used in hot melt adhesives pressure-sensitive adhesives, and thermoplastic marking paints.

Adhesive and marking compositions made from interpolymers of ethylene/alpha-olefins

Methods and systems for the production of ethyl acetate are described herein. The methods and systems incorporate the novel use of a high shear device to promote dispersion and mixing of a carbonyl co-reactant (e.g. acetic acid, acetaldehyde) with ethanol. The high shear device may allow for lower reaction temperatures and pressures and may also reduce reaction time with existing catalysts.

Method of producing ethyl acetate

Waxes prepared from hydrogenated plant oils, such as palm and soybean, are used to render gypsum board resistant to water. Unlike petroleum-derived waxes used for the same purpose, vegetable derived waxes are renewable and readily converted into forms such as emulsions or powder that facilitate incorporation into gypsum board manufacturing. Such water resistant materials are characterized by enhanced moisture barrier properties. The compositions have a low iodine value (between 2-5), and melting points between approximately 120-185 degrees F (Mettler Drop Point). The wax comprises a triglyceride whose fatty acids are predominantly stearic acid (C18).. The composition is used as an additive in the manufacture of water resistant gypsum board.

An additive to render gypsum board moisture resistant

Waxes prepared from hydrogenated plant oils, such as palm and soybean, are used as substitutes for petroleum derived waxes in hot-melt adhesive compositions. Unlike petroleum-derived or synthetic waxes, adhesive compositions comprising these waxes, which are obtained from naturally derived, renewable resources, achieve adhesion performance similar to conventional adhesives containing petroleum-derived waxes. The inventive waxes have a low iodine value (between 2-5), and melting points between approximately 120-165 degrees F (Mettler Drop Point). These waxes comprise a triglyceride whose fatty acids are predominantly stearic acid (C 18 ). The naturally derived waxes are used as an alternative to petroleum and synthetically derived waxes in the manufacture of adhesives used to bond paper, wood, glass, plastic and metal in a variety of manufacturing operations.

Wax for hot melt adhesive applications

A method for hydrodesulfurization by forming a dispersion comprising hydrogen-containing gas bubbles with a mean diameter of less than 1 micron dispersed in a liquid phase comprising sulfur-containing compounds Desulfurizing a liquid stream comprising sulfur-containing compounds by subjecting a fluid mixture comprising hydrogen-containing gas and the liquid to a shear rate greater than 20,000 s-1 to produce a dispersion of hydrogen in a continuous phase of the liquid and introducing the dispersion into a fixed bed hydrodesulfurization reactor from which a reactor product is removed Systems of apparatus for hydrodesulfurization are also presented

System and process for hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, or hydrofinishing

Waxes prepared from hydrogenated plant oils, such as castor and soybean, are formulated into aqueous ink and paper coating compositions. Ink compositions comprising these waxes and evaluated for their resistance to mar and abrasion achieved rub resistance and slip performance comparable to compositions utilizing conventional wax additives, which are generally derived from petroleum. The waxes in the inventive compositions have a low iodine value (ranging from approximately 2 to approximately 5), and a melting point between approximately 120 degrees to approximately 190 degrees F (Mettler Drop Point). These naturally derived waxes are used as an alternative to petroleum and synthetically derived waxes in the manufacture of inks and coatings for paper and cellulosic products.

Novel wax for reducing mar and abrasion in inks and coatings

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