Owing to their tunable properties, controllable degradation, and ability to protect labile drugs, hydrogels are increasingly investigated as local drug delivery systems. However, a lack of standardized methodologies used to characterize and evaluate drug release poses significant difficulties when comparing findings from different investigations, preventing an accurate assessment of systems. Here, we review the commonly used analytical techniques for drug detection and quantification from hydrogel delivery systems. The experimental conditions of drug release in saline solutions and their impact are discussed, along with the main mathematical and statistical approaches to characterize drug release profiles. We also review methods to determine drug diffusion coefficients and in vitro and in vivo models used to assess drug release and efficacy with the goal to provide guidelines and harmonized practices when investigating novel hydrogel drug delivery systems.

https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/12/12/1188/pdf

Hydrogels as Drug Delivery Systems: A Review of Current Characterization and Evaluation Techniques.

Microenvironment acidity as a major determinant of tumor chemoresistance: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) as a novel therapeutic approach.

Hydrogel is an ideal scaffold in the fields of regenerative medicine and tumor therapy because of its biomimetic ability to modulate tissue microenvironment. Herein, we fabricated a new kind of self-healing hydrogel based on graphene nanoparticle and expanded its application in postoperative recurrence of breast cancer. First, a facile method was used to prepare self-healing hydrogel via Schiff-base linkage, which composed of chondroitin sulfate multialdehyde (CSMA), branched polyethylenimine (BPEI) and BPEI conjugated graphene (BPEI-GO). BPEI-GO was doped in the network and participated in Schiff-base reaction and stabilized the structure, as well as provided sustained drug delivery, and near-infrared laser (NIR)-triggered photothermal effect. The hydrogels exhibited excellent self-healing (∼100%) and improved mechanical properties (7,000 Pa). Further, in vitro breast cancer cell inhibition study showed enhanced cell killing efficiency with synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy. In the breast cancer pos...

Graphene-Nanoparticle-Based Self-Healing Hydrogel in Preventing Postoperative Recurrence of Breast Cancer.

Current research on hyaluronic acid-drug bioconjugates.

Verapamil and riluzole cocktail liposomes overcome pharmacoresistance by inhibiting P-glycoprotein in brain endothelial and astrocyte cells: A potent approach to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

In vivo anticancer synergy mechanism of doxorubicin and verapamil combination treatment is impaired in BALB/c mice with metastatic breast cancer

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In vivo anticancer synergy mechanism of doxorubicin and verapamil combination treatment is impaired in BALB/c mice with metastatic breast cancer