Dynamic stresses propagating as seismic waves from large earthquakes trigger a spectrum of responses at global distances. In addition to locally triggered earthquakes in a variety of tectonic environments, dynamic stresses trigger tectonic (nonvolcanic) tremor in the brittle–plastic transition zone along major plate-boundary faults, activity changes in hydrothermal and volcanic systems, and, in hydrologic domains, changes in spring discharge, water well levels, soil liquefaction, and the eruption of mud volcanoes. Surface waves with periods of 15–200 s are the most effective triggering agents; body-wave trigger is less frequent. Triggering dynamic stresses can be < 1 kPa.

4.11 – Dynamic Triggering

The 2011 M w  9.0 Tohoku, Japan, earthquake triggered deep tectonic tremor and shallow microearthquakes in numerous places worldwide. Here, we conduct a systematic survey of triggered tremor in regions where ambient or triggered tremor has been previously identified. Tremor was triggered in the following regions: south‐central Alaska, the Aleutian Arc, Shikoku in southwest Japan, the North Island of New Zealand, southern Oregon, the Parkfield–Cholame section of the San Andreas fault in central California, the San Jacinto fault in southern California, Taiwan, and Vancouver Island. We find no evidence of triggered tremor in the Calaveras fault in northern California. One of the most important factors in controlling the triggering potential is the amplitude of the surface waves. Data examined in this study suggest that the threshold amplitude for triggering tremor is ∼0.1  cm/s, which is equivalent to a dynamic stress threshold of ∼10 kilopascals. The incidence angles of the teleseismic surface waves also affect the triggering potentials of Love and Rayleigh waves. The results of this study confirm that both Love and Rayleigh waves contribute to triggering tremor in many regions. In regions where both ambient and triggered tremor are known to occur, tremor triggered by the Tohoku event generally occurred at similar locations with previously identified ambient and/or triggered tremor, further supporting the notion that although the driving forces of triggered and ambient tremor differ, they share similar mechanisms. We find a positive relationship between the amplitudes of the triggering waves and those of the triggered tremor, which is consistent with the prediction of the clock‐advance model. Online Material: Table of measured parameters and other information related to triggering/nontriggering information, and figures of observed seismograms.

/pdf/a-global-search-for-triggered-tremor-following-the-2011-mw-9-2hj9ynfsez.pdf

A Global Search for Triggered Tremor Following the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku Earthquake

The recognition of slow earthquakes in geodetic and seismological data has transformed the understanding of how plate motions are accommodated at major plate boundaries. Slow earthquakes, which slip more slowly than regular earthquakes but faster than plate motion velocities, occur in a range of tectonic and metamorphic settings. They exhibit spatiotemporal associations with large seismic events that indicate a causal relation between modes of slip at different slip rates. Defining the physical controls on slow earthquakes is, therefore, critical for understanding fault and shear zone mechanics. In this Review, we synthesize geological observations of a suite of ancient structures that were active in tectonic settings comparable to where slow earthquakes are observed today. At inferred slow earthquake regions, a range of grain-scale deformation mechanisms accommodated slip at low effective stresses. Material heterogeneity and the geometric complexity of structures that formed at different inferred strain rates are common to faults and shear zones in multiple tectonic environments, and might represent key limiting factors of slow earthquake slip rates. Further geological work is needed to resolve how the spectrum of slow earthquake slip rates can arise from different grain-scale deformation mechanisms and whether there is one universal rate-limiting mechanism that defines slow earthquake slip.

/pdf/geological-constraints-on-the-mechanisms-of-slow-earthquakes-37bqf55rpt.pdf

Geological constraints on the mechanisms of slow earthquakes

Large earthquakes can trigger seismicity in remote regions. Analysis of seismic data from Antarctica reveals ice quakes coincident with passing seismic waves from the 2010 Chile earthquake, suggesting that the ice sheet is sensitive to such triggers.

/pdf/antarctic-icequakes-triggered-by-the-2010-maule-earthquake-7tir3wvaxd.pdf

Antarctic icequakes triggered by the 2010 Maule earthquake in Chile

More than ten years of Lusi: A review of facts, coincidences, and past and future studies

We provide additional evidence of tectonic tremor in Cuba triggered by the 2010 M w 8.8 Maule, Chile, and the 2011 M w 9.0 Tohoku‐Oki, Japan, earthquakes. The high‐frequency tremor signals are modulated by long‐period surface waves, similar to triggered tremors observed in other tectonically active regions. We are able to locate two tremor sources triggered by the Tohoku‐Oki earthquake near the east–west trending Oriente fault around Guantanamo Bay. The tremor around Guantanamo Bay was triggered primarily by a Love wave of the Maule mainshock, and by both Love and Rayleigh waves of the Tohoku‐Oki mainshock. This is consistent with frictional failures at a vertical strike‐slip fault under a Coulomb failure criterion.

Online Material: Figure of envelope functions of tremor records, and movies of spectogram and tremor correlation.

Tectonic Tremor beneath Cuba Triggered by the Mw 8.8 Maule and Mw 9.0 Tohoku‐Oki Earthquakes

We provide additional evidence of tectonic tremor in Cuba triggered by the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile, and the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki, Japan, earthquakes. The high-frequency tremor signals are modulated by long-period surface waves, sim- ilar to triggered tremors observed in other tectonically active regions. We are able to locate two tremor sources triggered by the Tohoku-Oki earthquake near the east-west trending Oriente fault around Guantanamo Bay. The tremor around Guantanamo Bay was triggered primarily by a Love wave of the Maule mainshock, and by both Love and Rayleigh waves of the Tohoku-Oki mainshock. This is consistent with frictional failures at a vertical strike-slip fault under a Coulomb failure criterion. Online Material: Figure of envelope functions of tremor records, and movies of spectogram and tremor correlation.

/pdf/short-note-tectonic-tremor-beneath-cuba-triggered-by-the-m-w-2eoz2p4d0s.pdf

Short Note Tectonic Tremor beneath Cuba Triggered by the M w 8.8 Maule and M w 9.0 Tohoku-Oki Earthquakes

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Gregory Armstrong

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Tectonic Tremor beneath Cuba Triggered by the Mw 8.8 Maule and Mw 9.0 Tohoku‐Oki Earthquakes

Short Note Tectonic Tremor beneath Cuba Triggered by the M w 8.8 Maule and M w 9.0 Tohoku-Oki Earthquakes