The objective of this research is to examine the role of economic growth, technology innovation, and renewable energy in reducing transport sector CO2 emission in China by using the annual data of 1990–2018. An application of the QARDL approach discloses that economic growth, technology innovation, and renewable energy significantly influence CO2 emission in the transportation sector in China. Both renewable energy consumption and innovation show a negative impact on emissions of CO2 related to transport. It depicts that due to the increase in renewable energy and innovation, the CO2 emission in the transport sector is likely to decrease; however, an increase in the GDP of a country will upsurge the emission of CO2 in the transportation sector. However, China should make new policies to introduce innovation in the transportation sector to minimize the emission of CO2.

Investigate the role of technology innovation and renewable energy in reducing transport sector CO2 emission in China: A path toward sustainable development

Climate change and variability are a major threat to the agricultural sector globally. It is widely accepted that the changes in temperature, rainfall patterns, sea water level and concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere will have the most devastating impacts on agricultural production. This paper examines the past and future crop production and food security in Kenya under variable climate. From the review, it is evident that the country is already experiencing episodes of climate change, manifested by seasonal changes in precipitation and temperature of varying severity and duration despite overreliance on rain-fed agriculture. The findings also reveal that climate change would continue to negatively affect crop production and food security to the already vulnerable communities in the arid and semi-arid areas. Future projections also indicate that climate variability will likely alter cropping patterns and yields in several regions. As the country is faced with a high population growth rate and rapid urbanization, crop production and food security systems need to become more adaptive as uncertainties of projected climate variability and change unfold. This study is important in providing decision makers and interested stakeholders with a detailed assessment of climate impacts and adaptation strategies geared towards improved crop production and food security.

Climate change and variability in Kenya: a review of impacts on agriculture and food security

Adaptation barriers and strategies towards climate change: Challenges in the agricultural sector

This article aims to assess the impacts of climate change towards the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal number two (SDG 2) as well as examining the poverty alleviation strategies by subsistence farmers in South Africa. Widespread hunger and poverty continue to be among the most life-threatening problems confronting mankind. Available statistics show that global poverty remains a serious challenge around the world. Across the globe, one in five people lives on less than $1 a day and one in seven suffers from chronic hunger. Similarly, the developing world is adversely affected by poverty and hunger. In the sub-Saharan Africa, research has revealed a higher prevalence of hunger, malnutrition, poverty and food insecurity. SDG 2 focuses more on eliminating hunger and promoting sustainable agriculture. The study employed an exploratory design and a qualitative method. Snowball sampling was used in selecting relevant sources which led the researchers to other research work on the same field through keywords and reference lists. The researchers employed discourse analysis to analyse data. The study discovered that there are numerous potential effects climate change could have on agriculture. It affects crop growth and quality and livestock health. Farming practices could also be affected as well as animals that could be raised in particular climatic areas. The impact of climate change as well as the susceptibility of poor communities is very immense. The article concludes that climate change reduces access to drinking water, negatively affects the health of people and poses a serious threat to food security.

/pdf/climate-change-a-threat-towards-achieving-sustainable-1p4hjknorz.pdf

Climate change: A threat towards achieving ‘Sustainable Development Goal number two’ (end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture) in South Africa

Tax revenue is frequently considered as an alternative form of sustainable financing within a stable and predictable fiscal environment to promote growth and enable governments to finance their social and infrastructural needs. The objective of the study is to examine the effect of tax revenue on economic growth of Nigeria and Ghana. The study used multiple regressions as tools of analysis. The study finds a positive impact of tax revenue on the gross domestic product of Nigeria and Ghana confirming prior studies. The study recommended among others that adequate measure to ensure that revenue generated from the tax is effectively utilized to develop and grow the economy. DOI:  10.15408/sjie.v7i2.7341

/pdf/tax-revenue-and-economic-growth-a-study-of-nigeria-and-ghana-pbxj7mp6tj.pdf

Tax Revenue and Economic Growth: A Study of Nigeria and Ghana

This paper examines the economic impact of climate change (CC) on food security and agricultural productivity in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). It examine the impact on the basic components of food security; availability, accessibility, affordability, preference, utilization and nutritional value and food system stability. The so-called “greenhouse fertilization effect” produces local beneficial effects where higher levels of atmospheric CO2 stimulate plant growth. This occur primarily in temperate zones, with yields expected to increase by 10 to 25 percent for crops with a lower rate of photosynthetic efficiency (C3 crops), and by 0 to 10 percent for those with a higher rate of photosynthetic efficiency (C4 crops), assuming that CO2 levels in the atmosphere reach 550 parts per million. the European heat wave of 2003, when temperatures was 6 oC above long-term means, crop yields dropped significantly, by 36 percent for maize in Italy, and by 25 percent for fruit and 30 percent for forage in France. Increased intensity and frequency of storms, altered hydrological cycles, and precipitation variance also have long-term implications on the viability of current world agro ecosystems and future food availability. Climate change has been described as the most significant environmental threat of the 21st century. Wetter climates and more floods are predicted for parts of East Africa and Latin America. Agricultural productivity in Africa, Asia and Latin America is expected to decrease by as much as 20%. In 2004, agriculture directly contributed about 14% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Agriculture is particularly vulnerable to climate change. Projections to 2050 suggest both an increase in global mean temperatures and increased weather variability, with implications for the type and distribution of agricultural production worldwide. One successful path to tread is to boost agricultural production. Projections based on population growth and food consumption patterns indicate that agricultural production will need to increase by at least 70 percent to meet demands by 2050

/pdf/climate-change-food-security-and-agricultural-productivity-3ntenn608r.pdf

Climate Change, Food Security and Agricultural Productivity in Africa: Issues and policy directions.

Public expenditure on education is of great importance to any national development and plays a critical role in promoting growth and equity, and through both channels, help to reduce poor quality as well as improving the standard of education In Nigeria over the years, poor financial resources to the educational sector have been a major problem in the educational system Poor financing of the educational sector has resulted to poor attendance, poor quality of students, inadequate preparation by teachers at all levels and low morale of teachers as a result of low basic condition of services and low salaries The major objective of this study is to examine the Determinants of public expenditure on Infrastructural facilities in education and economic growth in Nigeria based on time series data on variables considered relevant indicators of economic growth and public expenditure A public expenditure model was constructed and tested using the ordinary least squares (OLS) technique A dummy variable was introduced to test the expenditure variability between regime changes (military and civilian) to ascertain which regime allocated more funds to the educational sector in Nigeria during the period under the study Data for the study was obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria, NBS and the World Bank Results of the analysis showed that public expenditure on education has a significant impact on economic growth But expenditure on education is different between regimes but not significant Consequently, in model (1), Adult Enrolment ratio (AER) influenced Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) by 5404365 at a unit change, and AER is not a good predictor of economic growth, while in some it does, while model (2) result showed that expenditure in education during the civilian regime had the intercept of 2293202, the military regime spent 2292789 more than the civilian regime in Nigeria

The determinants of public expenditure on educational infrastructural facilities and economic growth in Nigeria

The Nigerian capital market has witnessed obvious transformation over the years, evident by the increased level of participation of the private and public investors at the floor of the stock exchange and in various public offers of quoted companies. The emerging market has also attracted and embraced the attention and the interest of international investors, thus increasing capital inflow. The overall market capitalisation had risen from 1,698.1 million naira in 1980 to 7030.8 billion naira in 2009, thus signifying an increase within the period. Transaction at the floor of NSE has risen to a total of 685716.2 million naira in 2009 from a previous value of 16.6m recorded in 1970. From the result obtained, capital market has positive and significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria. The capital market variables captured in the model such as market capitalization, number of deals and value of transactions were all positive and significant in promoting economic growth in Nigeria. It is important that the government should implement policies that will make the market more efficient and re-position it for growth within the Nigerian economy. Keywords: Capital Market, Economic Growth, Stock Exchange, Market Capitalisation.

/pdf/the-impact-of-capital-market-on-economic-growth-in-nigeria-5bl014hhlw.pdf

The Impact of Capital Market on Economic Growth in Nigeria

The recent criticism of poor fiscal performance levelled against the democratic regimes in Nigeria has resulted in questions being asked as to the soundness of the acclaim which heralded its advent. Such questions generally focus on the growth impacts of the deficits incurring during this regimes. In view of this, this study examined the relative impact of fiscal deficits on economic growth in Nigeria during the military and democratic regimes. The study employed Chow endogenous break test, unit root and cointegration tests. The results derived from the Chow test analysis reveal that there is a difference between the growth-impact of fiscal deficit in the two regimes. In particular, the study found that fiscal deficits had a significant growth-impact during the military regime, while it has not had a significant impact on economic growth during the democratic regime. On the other hand, the study’s` results indicated that the interest rate did not have a significant growth-impact during both regimes, while the gross fixed capital formation had a significant growth impact during both regimes In view of the findings, the study recommended the strengthening of the country`s budgetary institutions so as to ensure the de-politicization of the budgetary process. Furthermore, the study recommended the reduction in the current lending rate so as to ensure increased access to investment funds by domestic entrepreneurs. Keywords: Fiscal deficit; Economic growth; Chow test; Military regime; Democratic regime. JEL Classifications: C40; D53; E42; G17; O23; O40; P43.

Fiscal Deficits and Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Chow Test Approach

This study attempts to examine empirically the structure and growth of federal government expenditure in Nigeria. Since 1970, the federal government expenditure has continued to grow; prompting argument as to what is responsible for the continuing growth in the structure of government expenditure. Plethora of factors have been identified as possible factors causing government expenditure growth, hence the need to conduct an investigation to ascertain this for Nigeria. Time series data for the period 1970 to 2009, was used in the study. The ordinary least squares (OLS) regression technique was employed as the main method of data estimation. The results obtained revealed that factors such as fiscal deficit, Gross Domestic product, Government revenue and debt servicing are some of the factors causing growth in the government expenditure in Nigeria for the reference period. It is therefore recommended that government should maintain sound fiscal discipline, prevent double-digit inflation, and ensure productive use of revenue and increasing productivity to help reduce government expenditure growth in Nigeria. Keywords : Federal government expenditure, Government revenue, GDP, OLS, Fiscal deficit. JEL Classification: B22, C22, F65, H53 .

/pdf/an-empirical-analysis-of-the-structure-and-growth-of-federal-4ucm514e4u.pdf

An Empirical Analysis of the Structure and Growth of Federal Government Expenditure in Nigeria.

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