Spinel ferrites with the general formula MgCrxFe2−xO4 (0≤x≤1) were synthesized by the standard ceramic technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction. The XRD patterns confirmed that the mixed ferrite samples are in the cubic spinel structure which is further validated by Rietveld refinement in the space group Fd3m. The crystal structure and cell parameters were refined by Rietveld analysis. The vibrational study was achieved using Fourier Transform-InfraRed (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy. From FT-IR band frequencies, the force constants Kt and Ko , for tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites respectively, have been calculated and discussed with the trend of bond lengths obtained from Rietveld refinement. For all compositions, Raman spectra revealed the five active modes showing the vibration of O2− ions at both the A-site and B-site ions. The frequencies trend with chromium content of both FT-IR and Raman spectra showed a shift toward higher values for all modes.

Structural Rietveld refinement and vibrational study of MgCr x Fe 2-x O 4 spinel ferrites

This article describes the synthesis of powdered ZnFe2O4 (zinc ferrite) using coprecipitation method. The obtained samples were structurally characterized using XRD (X ray diffraction). The diffraction data of the. prepared samples were refined using full pattern fitting by the Rietveld method. The diffractogram of the samples has shown the formation of cubic spinel structure corresponding to the space group Fd-3m. The wyckoff positions, discrepancy factor and interatomic distance have been calculated. The lower values of profile parameters such as Rb, Rwp, Rexp, χ2 indicated that the calculated diffraction pattern is in fair agreement with observed pattern. Some applications of nanosize zinc ferrite have also been highlighted.

Rietveld refinement and structural characterization of powder ZnFe2O4 synthesized through coprecipitation method

Enhancement of Cocatalyst-Coated ZnFe2O4 Photoanode Grown In Situ on a Metallic Iron Substrate

The 3D NiMoxCo2–xO4 (x ≤ 0.06) chestnut-like spinel oxide nanoparticles (CNSPs) grown on Ni foam were effectively prepared hydrothermally. The formation of Ni–Co CNSPs was confirmed by the XRD powder pattern, which exhibited a pure cubic spinel oxide structure without undesired phases. All ratios revealed a broadened peak representing a small crystal size (12.8–17.5 nm) range. The chestnut-like CNSPs were presented by FE-SEM, SEM, TEM, and HR-TEM analysis. The chemical composition of the products was confirmed by EDX. The 3D NiMoxCo2–xO4 (x = 0.04) CNSP electrocatalyst exhibited hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity as evidenced by 0.224 V overpotential, Tafel slope 61.9 mV/dec, and high stability for 36 h of chronopotentiometry techniques. The surface and electrochemical characterization revealed that 4.0% Mo-doped exhibits improved HER activity due to significantly higher electrochemical surface area and accelerated charge-transfer kinetics at the semiconductor electrolyte interface. Density functional theory is employed to investigate the impact of Mo dopants on the HER performance. This study shows how both hydrogen and water molecules adhere to the surface of Mo-doped NiCo2O4 slab structures. The findings indicate that introducing Mo dopants leads to an augmentation of chemical activity through water adsorption, resulting in an enhanced electrocatalytic process and improved HER activity up to a specific Mo concentration, and their impact on spin-dependent electronic structure characteristics is revealed by the density of states spectra. This work not only gives insights into low-metal-cost materials for efficient and durable HER electrocatalysts, but it also provides a successful showcase model catalyst for in-depth mechanistic insights into electrochemical HER processes and their industrial applications in the future. 

Chestnut-like Molybdenum-Doped Nickel Cobaltite Spinel Oxide Nanoparticles Grown on Ni Foam as the Electrocatalyst for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

The Cd2+ substituted Co1-xFe2O4 with concentrations of (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) nano ferrites were synthesized using the glycol-thermal method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed the structural formation and nanocrystalline structure of spinel ferrites. Samples possess a cubic spinel lattice structure with crystallite sizes varying between 5.1 nm and 15.5 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed fine particles which are nearly spherical in shape. The 57Fe Mössbauer spectral studies showed an ordered magnetic spin state for x ≤ 0.5 which transforms to a paramagnetic phase for x ≥ 0.6 due to the weakening of super-exchange interactions. The saturation magnetization (MS) was the highest at x = 0 with a value of 73.3 emu/g and fluctuated between 44.3 emu/g and 19.8 emu/g after the addition of non-magnetic Cd2+ ions. The field dependence of dM/dH curves reveals the finite size effect which leads to the frustration in magnetic moments. 

Structural, Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetic study of Co1−Cd Fe2O4 ferrite synthesized by glycol-thermal method

The ZnAlxFe2-xO4 (x = 0.0, 0.2 and 0.4) spinel ferrites were prepared by the conventional solid state reaction in air at 1350°C. The X-ray diffraction of all the three samples showed sharp Bragg peaks indicating the formation of a single phase spinel structure. The lattice parameters of the samples were determined from the X-ray diffraction data using the Nelson-Riley extrapolation method. The lattice parameters, cation distribution and oxygen position parameters have also been determined by refining the data by the Rietveld method. Rietveld refinement of the XRD data reveals all the samples to possess cubic symmetry corresponding to the space group Fd3m. Lattice parameters were found to decrease with increasing Al concentration, i.e. 8.4322, 8.4002, and 8.3984 A for x = 0.0, 0.2 and 0.4, respectively.

/pdf/preparation-and-structural-properties-of-znalxfe2-xo4-spinel-1xtx2uacnp.pdf

Preparation and Structural Properties of ZnAlxFe2-xO4 Spinel Oxide

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Preparation and Structural Properties of ZnAlxFe2-xO4 Spinel Oxide