Adenosine is a key endogenous molecule that regulates tissue function by activating four G-protein-coupled adenosine receptors: A1, A2A, A2B and A3. Cells of the immune system express these receptors and are responsive to the modulatory effects of adenosine in an inflammatory environment. Animal models of asthma, ischaemia, arthritis, sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease and wound healing have helped to elucidate the regulatory roles of the various adenosine receptors in dictating the development and progression of disease. This recent heightened awareness of the role of adenosine in the control of immune and inflammatory systems has generated excitement regarding the potential use of adenosine-receptor-based therapies in the treatment of infection, autoimmunity, ischaemia and degenerative diseases.

/pdf/adenosine-receptors-therapeutic-aspects-for-inflammatory-and-3bo18pvzz6.pdf

Adenosine receptors: therapeutic aspects for inflammatory and immune diseases

Functional alterations in the renal circulation that can contribute to abnormal renal perfusion have been demonstrated in various models of renal injury. To detect impairments in renal vascular function, renal flow reserve can be determined by repeated measurements of renal blood flow (RBF) during pharmacological challenge with short-acting vasodilators that should increase RBF in kidneys that are not severely damaged structurally. Among the invasive techniques for such measurements, the most readily available is probably the intravascular Doppler, which can be employed during renal angiography for rapid evaluation of changes in RBF during intrarenal injections of vasoactive substances. High-resolution tomographic imaging techniques, like electron-beam x-ray computed tomography, further offer the potential for noninvasive measurements of renal parenchymal perfusion and function, in association with either intrarenal or systemic injections of vasoactive substances. Acetylcholine is a potent short-acting renal vasodilator that can be useful to assess the response of the renal microcirculation, define renal flow reserve, and examine the endothelium-dependent responses of RBF. Such assessments of the function of the renal circulation can assist in evaluation of patients with systemic or renal disease for early detection and monitoring of renovascular injury.

Functional Assessment of the Circulation of the Single Kidney

Objective To compare the nephrotoxicity of iodixanol in elderly patients who underwent a renal artery intervention (RAI) with those who underwent an other peripheral vascular intervention (OPI). Methods Three hundred fifty-four consecutive patients (g60 years old) received iodixanol during RAI (n=150) or OPI (n=204). The level of serum creatinine (SCr) was measured at the baseline, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours and 1 month after intervention. Results Within 72 hours after the intervention, the adjusted mean of the peak SCr increase was 11.22 umol/L 〔95% confidence interval (CI): 9.21-13.24〕 in the RAI group and 12.40 umol/L (95%CI: 10.7-14.09) in the OPI group. The difference in the peak SCr increase was -1.17 umol/L (95%CI: -3.94-1.60; p=0.406). Contrast-induced nephropathy occurred in 26 patients (17.3%) of the RAI group and in 27 patients (13.2%) of the OPI group (p=0.286). Patients who underwent an RAI showed no increased risk for contrast-induced nephropathy in comparison with patients who underwent an OPI 〔adjusted odds ratio (OR)=1.108; 95%CI: 0.540-2.273; p=0.780〕. Conclusion The nephrotoxic effect of iodixanol in elderly patients who underwent RAI or OPI was comparable.

A Comparison of Nephrotoxicity of Contrast Medium in Elderly Patients who Underwent Renal or Peripheral Arterial Vascular Intervention

To compare the nephrotoxic effects of iodixanol and iopamidol in patients undergoing peripheral angiography. Patients scheduled for peripheral angiography were randomly assigned to the iodixanol group (n = 463) and iopamidol group (n = 458). The primary endpoint was the incidence of contrast associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI), which was defined as an increase ≥ 25% or ≥ 44.2 µmol/l (0.5 mg/dl) in serum creatinine (SCr) from baseline within 72 h after receiving contrast media (CM). The secondary endpoints were the mean peak SCr increase within 72 h after receiving CM and major adverse renal events (SCr increased by two times after 30 days, the need for dialysis treatment, rehospitalization for acute renal failure, or kidney-related death) during hospitalization and within 30 day postdischarge. The incidence of CA-AKI did not differ significantly between the iodixanol group and iopamidol group (18.1% vs. 16.8%; p = 0.595). There was no significant difference in the mean peak SCr increase between the iodixanol group and iopamidol group (10.4 ± 13.0 vs. 10.6 ± 14.3 µmol/l, p = 0.919). There were four patients [1 (0.2%) patient in the iodixanol group and 1 (0.7%) patients in the iopamidol group, p = 0.609] with doubling of SCr; no other adverse renal events were observed. Our data showed that the nephrotoxicity of iodixanol was comparable with that of iopamidol in patients undergoing peripheral angiography.

Nephrotoxicity of iodixanol versus iopamidol in patients undergoing peripheral angiography with or without endovascular therapy.

Background and objective The use of contrast media in Italy has exponentially increased in the past 3 decades. However, it is unknown whether there has been an increase in clinical research evaluating the risks associated with contrast media usage, especially regarding contrast-induced nephropathy. To fill this gap in knowledge, we performed a systematic review. Study eligibility criteria Meta-analyses, observational studies, and clinical trials assessing contrast media-induced nephropathy as the safety outcome, in which at least one author was affiliated with an Italian university/health care structure, were eligble. Data sources Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Cochrane Methodology Register, and Web of Science were screened. Participants Men and women exposed to contrast media. Results In total, 60 original articles were retrieved with an incremental trend between 1990 and 2017. Cohort studies were the most common study design represented. In total, 45 of 60 (75.0%) studies were monocenter studies and 41 of 60 (68.3%) received no funding. In all, 91.7% of studies disclosed no conflicts of interest and 81.7% had no external collaboration. Most of the studies provided a level of evidence of III-2 (32/60; 53.3%) and II (23/60; 38.3%). In total, 50 of 60 studies (83.3%) were published in a scientific journal ranked in the first quartile of their subject area. Conclusion There was an increased number of studies evaluating contrast-induced nephropathy in Italy during the last three decades. These studies covered procedures to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy or aimed to identify risk factors, biomarkers, and scores, and their related prognosis.

/pdf/contrast-media-induced-nephropathy-how-has-italy-contributed-19oqgtmln9.pdf

Contrast media-induced nephropathy: how has Italy contributed in the past 30 years? A systematic review

Background: Renal dysfunction induced by iodinated contrast medium (CM) administration can minimize the benefit of the interventional procedure in patients undergoing renal angioplasty (PTRA).Purpose: To compare the susceptibility to nephrotoxic effect of CM in patients undergoing PTRA with that of patients submitted to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Material and Methods: A total of 33 patients successfully treated with PTRA (PTRA group, mean age 70±12 years, 23 female, basal creatinine 1.46±0.79, range 0.7–4.9 mg/dl) were compared with 33 patients undergoing successful PCI (PCI group), matched for basal creatinine (1.44±0.6, range 0.7–3.4 mg/dl), gender, and age. In both groups postprocedural (48 h) serum creatinine was measured.Results: Postprocedural creatinine level decreased nonsignificantly in the PTRA group (1.46±0.8 vs. 1.34±0.5 mg/dl, P=NS) and increased significantly in the PCI group (1.44±0.6 vs. 1.57±0.7 mg/dl, P<0.02). Changes in serum creatinine after intervention (after-before) we...

Contrast medium nephrotoxicity after renal artery and coronary angioplasty

We sought to evaluate the possible interaction between the adenosine and angiotensin systems in the regulation of renal microcirculation in humans. Twenty normotensive patients entered the study. Ten patients (group 1) were pretreated with 50 mg of captopril, an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, whereas 10 patients (group 2) were pretreated with placebo. Incremental doses of adenosine (from 10 -5 to I mg) were injected into a renal artery to all patients at 5-min intervals. Adenosine injection reduced mean renal blood flow velocity in both groups (from 17.3 ± 2.8 and 16.7 ± 2 cm/s to 5.1 ± 1.1 and 3.8 ± 0.8 cm/s. in groups 1 and 2, respectively). The decrease in flow velocity was immediate after adenosine, and its duration was proportional to dosage (y = 3.05 x -2.7; R 2 = 0.46; p < 0.01). However, group I had a slope of regression lower than group 2 (2.37 vs. 3.82 s; p < 0.03). The index of renal resistance (mean arterial pressure/mean blood flow velocity) increased linearly in both groups with adenosine, but group 1 showed a lower slope of increment (2.77 vs. 5.57 mm Hg/cm/s; p < 0.01). Adenosine administration induced a marked and transient increase in human renal resistance. This vasoconstrictive effect of adenosine was blunted by captopril pretreatment.

Adenosine and angiotensin system interact in the regulation of renal microcirculation in humans.

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Goran Djukic

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Contrast medium nephrotoxicity after renal artery and coronary angioplasty

Adenosine and angiotensin system interact in the regulation of renal microcirculation in humans.