Discussion of solutions for basin model tests of FOWTs in combined waves and wind

Managing the oceans: Site selection of a floating offshore wind farm based on GIS spatial analysis

Offshore wind turbines are becoming increasingly popular due to their higher wind energy harnessing capabilities and lower visual pollution. Researchers around the globe have been reporting significant scientific advancements in offshore wind turbines technology, addressing key issues, such as aerodynamic characteristics of turbine blades, dynamic response of the turbine, structural integrity of the turbine foundation, design of the mooring cables, ground scouring and cost modelling for commercial viability. These investigations range from component-level design and analysis to system-level response and optimization using a multitude of analytical, empirical and numerical techniques. With such wide-ranging studies available in the public domain, there is a need to carry out an extensive yet critical literature review on the recent advancements in offshore wind turbine technology. Offshore wind turbine blades’ aerodynamics and the structural integrity of offshore wind turbines are of particular importance, which can lead towards system’s optimal design and operation, leading to reduced maintenance costs. Thus, in this study, our focus is to highlight key knowledge gaps in the scientific investigations on offshore wind turbines’ aerodynamic and structural response. It is envisaged that this study will pave the way for future concentrated efforts in better understanding the complex behavior of these machines.

/pdf/a-review-of-recent-advancements-in-offshore-wind-turbine-1mcibut2.pdf

A Review of Recent Advancements in Offshore Wind Turbine Technology

Optimization of tuned mass damper parameters for floating wind turbines by using the artificial fish swarm algorithm

Model experiments to investigate floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) must account for the aerodynamic loads on the wind turbines, hydrodynamic loads on the platforms, and the coupling between them. However, the aerodynamic loads must satisfy the Reynolds scaling law, whereas the hydrodynamic loads must satisfy the Froude scaling law. Nevertheless, these scaling laws cannot be satisfied simultaneously. At present, the FOWT models used in the experiments satisfy the Froude scaling law. The primary challenge in the experiments is the accurate simulation of the aerodynamic loads under the Froude scaling law. There are primarily two methods to solve this problem: One is based on the physical model in a wave basin, where the aerodynamic loads under the Froude scaling law are obtained by equivalent treatment. The second method is based on the real-time hybrid model, which uses numerical simulation to replace the actual aerodynamic or hydrodynamic loads to solve the scaling law conflict. The development status, characteristics, and limitations of these methods, along with their comparisons are reviewed in detail herein. Finally, suggestions are provided for future development of model experimental methods for FOWTs. 

Review of model experimental methods focusing on aerodynamic simulation of floating offshore wind turbines

Experimental and numerical analysis of a TLP floating offshore wind turbine

The simulation of wind loading for tank testing of floating wind turbines presents a variety of severe challenges. The floating platform naturally responds to wave loadings which are Froude-scaled, whilst the turbine forces respond to aerodynamic loads which are Reynolds-scaled. It is possible to account for Reynolds effects by appropriate distortion of the rotor geometry, nonetheless, construction and operation of a working scale rotor is extremely challenging due to the large size, very light weight, and complex control requirements, while relatively few wave tanks have the ability to generate suitable wind fields. The current study reviews the approaches used to simulate wind loading on floating wind turbines in wave tanks and describes the deployment of an "software in the loop" (SIL) approach in which the thrust component of the wind load is generated using a high-speed fan located on the model in line with the rotor drivetrain. The six-degree-of-freedom platform motion is measured during the tests, and the aerodynamic thrust related to the instantaneous position and velocity of the platform is calculated in real time using a modified version of the well-known FAST aero-hydro-servo-elastic software code. This calculated thrust is then used to control the fan speed to generate the physical thrust in the model test. Using this approach it is possible to explore the impact of different wind environment, rotor configurations, and control strategies without the need for a complex model of the rotor, and without generation of wind over the tank. In the present study, the approach is deployed for an innovative shallow water tension-leg platform (TLP) developed by Iberdrola. The impact of the SIL approach is compared for a variety of wind directions with results generated in two baseline conditions: the conventional case with no wind loading and a simplified case with a constant wind loading. Results are shown for the impact of the wind loading on the platform motions for free oscillation tests, and regular wave RAOs. The challenges of the approach along with the advantages and disadvantages in comparison to other methods for wind load simulation on floating wind turbines are discussed, and the scope for further improvements in the realism of wind load simulation in physical model tests of floating wind turbines is explored.

Realistic simulation of aerodynamic loading for model testing of floating wind turbines

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Experimental and numerical analysis of a TLP floating offshore wind turbine

Realistic simulation of aerodynamic loading for model testing of floating wind turbines