Abstract This study evaluates the removal of COD and nitrogen from poultry wastewater in photobioreactors. Cell growth, the effect of light intensity (3200, 9800, and 12000 lux) and air flow (1.6, 3.2, and 4.8 L min−1) as a source of CO2 in bold basal medium and wastewater with different concentrations of COD were evaluated. The growth kinetics were modeled by using the Gompertz model and logistic model for both culture media. COD removals of up to 95% were achieved, and poultry wastewater was found to be a viable growing medium for Chlorella vulgaris. Finally, the wastewater met Mexican standards, and biomass was obtained with products valued as lipids (3.2 g lipid/100 g biomass) and proteins (342.94 mg L−1). The culture was found to have a dilatory behavior, and the rheological models of Ostwald de Waele, Ostwald de Waele linealized and Herschel Bulkley were utilized, showing a laminar behavior.

Removal of carbon and nitrogen in wastewater from a poultry processing plant in a photobioreactor cultivated with the microalga Chlorella vulgaris

Microalgae biomass emerges as an energy crop of great interest worldwide owing to its potential for obtaining biofuels and high value products and for the development of biorefinery processes owing to their varied composition and high biomass productivities per area unit. Several alternatives of microalgal metabolites extraction and transformation are being studied for the development of novel technologies for biomass using. Microalgae oil extraction is particularly important because is a key stage in microalgal biodiesel production chains and their efficiency contributes significantly to global process efficiency. In this study, a comparison of five oil extraction methods in lab-scale, taking into account extraction efficiency, energy consumption, costs of extraction and toxicity was made using five national bioprospecting microalgae strains. Methods evaluated were Solvent extraction with high speed homogenization (SHE), Continuous efflux solvent extraction (SCE), Hexane based extraction (HBE), Cyclohexane based extraction (CBE) and Ethanol-hexane extraction (EHE), microalgae strains used were Closterium sp., Amphiprora sp., Navicula sp., Nannochloropsis sp., and Guinardia sp., morphologycal response of strains to oil extraction methods was also evaluated using optic microscopy. Results shows that although there is not an unique oil extraction method with the best performance in all evaluated criteria, SCE, SHE and HBE methods presents high oil yields, while HBE method is the more convenient in global terms for use in lab scale and appears as an emerging technology for microalgae oil extraction in large scale.

/pdf/respuesta-morfologica-y-comparacion-multiparametro-de-31nsl4g1wn.pdf

Respuesta morfológica y comparación multiparámetro de alternativas de extracción de aceite de microalgas para la obtención de biodiesel y co-productos

espanolIdentificando la situacion actual del biodiesel en el contexto nacional e internacional, se pretende evaluar mediante un modelo de negocio verde la viabilidad de crear una empresa de produccion y comercializacion de biodiesel a partir de la microalga Chlorella en Colombia. Por medio de matrices de decision de alternativas y validando algunos procesos a nivel experimental, se analizaron y eligieron las caracteristicas tecnicas/operativas requeridas para el proceso de produccion. Se desarrollaron estudios de mercado de intencionalidad exploratorio, organizacional y financiero, proyectando a GreenFuels & Consultores Colombia como una empresa que producira y comercializara biodiesel a partir de Chlorella, para atender las distribuidoras mayoristas, que requieren mezclas diesel-biodiesel de calidad y cumplir con sus metas de produccion, aumentando paralelamente sus externalidades positivas al ambiente y la sociedad. Por lo tanto, GreenFuels & Consultores Colombia como modelo de negocio verde, es un proyecto viable en terminos tecnicos, validado en el mercado, con una propuesta de valor clara e innovadora y financieramente rentable. EnglishIdentifying the current situation of biodiesel in the national and international context, it is intended to evaluate through a green business model the viability of creating a biodiesel production and marketing company from the Chlorella microalgae in Colombia. By means of alternative decision matrices and validating some processes at an experimental level, the technical / operational characteristics required for the biodiesel production process from the Chlorella microalgae were analyzed and chosen, as well as exploratory intentionality market, organizational and financial research. Proposing GreenFuels & Consultants Colombia as a company that will produce and market biodiesel from Chlorella to wholesale distributors, who need to trade their quality diesel-biodiesel blends and maintain good social and environmental practices. Therefore, GreenFuels & Consultants Colombia as a green business model is a viable project in technical terms, market acceptability, clear and innovative value proposition and financially profitable.

/pdf/modelo-de-negocio-para-la-viabilidad-de-una-empresa-de-22z14tgqh8.pdf

Modelo de negocio para la viabilidad de una empresa de producción y comercialización de biodiésel a partir de la microalga Chlorella en Colombia

Biodiesel is subject of research because it is less polluting when used in pure form or mixed with petroleum diesel. Microalgae are now a material new in research for mass production of biodiesel, so the techniques used for cell growth, biomass extraction and lipid extraction influence the profile of fatty acids susceptible to transesterification and consequently the quality of biofuel. This work shows the effect on the fatty acid profile of a Dunaliella tertiolecta strain using two lipid extraction techniques. For this, the culture was carried out in the medium F/2, the recovery of the biomass was carried out by sedimentation-flocculation with NaOH and once dry it was subjected to extraction with solvent by Soxhlet and by ultrasound to obtain lipids under the methodology by Bligh & Dyer. The fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography and the profile is made up of saturated-monounsaturated-polyunsaturated fatty acids and shows differences regarding the presence-absence and dry weight content. This represents a contribution to analyze the effect on physicochemical parameters established in Mexican regulations regarding the quality of biodiesel and to determine the potential of the microalgae strain for such production.

Effect on the fatty acid profiles of a microalgae strain (Dunaliella tertiolecta) using different lipid extraction techniques

In the biodiesel production process from microalgae, the cell disruption and lipid extraction stages are important for obtaining triglycerides that can be transesterified to biodiesel and glycerol. In this work, the Bligh & Dyer method was adapted for lipid extraction from native microalgae using organosolv pretreatment or acid hydrolysis as cell disruption mechanism for improve the extraction process. Chloroform-methanol-water are the solvents employed in the Bligh & Dyer extraction method. The microalgae species Botryococcus braunii, Nannocloropsis, Closterium, Guinardia y Amphiprora were employed for the experimental part. Adaptation of the method was found the best extraction conditions, these were: 1:20 biomass/solvent ratio, initial ratio solvents CHCl3:CH3OH:H2O (1:2:0), stirring conditions of 5000 rpm for 14 minutes and centrifuge of 3400 rpm for 15 minutes. The cell disruption mechanisms allowed to obtain extracts with high lipid content after performing the extraction with Bligh & Dyer method, but decreases significantly the total extraction yield. Finally, the fatty acids profiles showed that Botryococcus braunii specie contains higher acylglycerol percentage area suitable for the production of biodiesel.

AdAptAción del Método Bligh & dyer A lA extrAcción de lípidos de MicroAlgAs coloMBiAnAs pArA lA producción de Biodiesel de tercerA generAción AdAptAtion Method Bligh & dyer A lipid extrAction of coloMBiAn MicroAlgAs Biodiesel production for third generAtion

http://repository.unad.edu.co/bitstream/10596/6021/1/Vol%206%202012%20Art%202%20Adaptaci%c3%b3n%20del%20m%c3%a9todo%20Bligh%20%26%20Dyer.pdf

Adaptación del método Bligh & Dyer a la extracción de lípidos de microalgas colombianas para la producción de biodiesel de tercera generación

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AdAptAción del Método Bligh & dyer A lA extrAcción de lípidos de MicroAlgAs coloMBiAnAs pArA lA producción de Biodiesel de tercerA generAción AdAptAtion Method Bligh & dyer A lipid extrAction of coloMBiAn MicroAlgAs Biodiesel production for third generAtion

Adaptación del método Bligh & Dyer a la extracción de lípidos de microalgas colombianas para la producción de biodiesel de tercera generación