Molecular assessment of fungi in ‘‘black spots’’ that deface murals in the Takamatsuzuka and Kitora Tumuli in Japan: Acremonium sect. Gliomastix including Acremonium tumulicola sp. nov. and Acremonium felinum comb. nov.

The present study introduces seven new species, one new combination, one new variety and several interesting taxonomical notes and/or geographical records. Most of the new taxa are Ascomycetes, but the study also includes a new variety of a Basidiomycete. Novel species include Gyromitra khanspurensis (Discinaceae, Pezizales, Pezizomycetes) from Pakistan growing near Cedrus deoadara and Paramyrothecium guiyangense and Paramyrothecium verruridum (Stachybotriaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes) both isolated from soil in China. New species from South Africa are Sclerostagonospora elegiae on culm litter of Elegia equisetacea, Sclerostagonospora fusiformis on culm litter of Thamnochortus spicigerus, Sclerostagonospora pinguis on culm litter of Cannomois virgata and Sclerostagonospora sulcata on culm litter of Ischyrolepis subverticellata (Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). Hapalocystis berkeleyi var. kickxii with its basionym Hypoxylon kickxii is shown to be a taxon on species level and thus recombined as Hapalocystis kickxii (Sydowiellaceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes), and it is lecto- and epitypified. The new variety Pluteus romellii var. luteoalbus (Pluteaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes) growing on a mossy fallen stem of a deciduous tree is described from Czech Republic. Cortinarius scaurocaninus (Cortinariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes) is new for Austria, Humicola grisea (Chaetomiaceae, Sordariales, Sordariomycetes) is an interesting new record for Chile. Two taxa are reported as new for Turkey: the lichenicolous fungus Opegrapha parasitica (Opegraphaceae, Arthoniales, Arthoniomycetes) growing partly immersed in the thallus of Aspicilia and the lichen Rinodina zwackhiana (Physciaceae, Teloschistales, Lecanoromycetes) from calcareous rock. Finally, Xerula strigosa (Physalacriaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes), described from China, is confirmed to be present also in Pakistan.

Fungal Systematics and Evolution: FUSE 3.

Myrothecium (family Stachybotryaceae) has a worldwide distribution. Species in this genus were previously classified based on the morphology of the asexual morph, especially characters of conidia and conidiophores. Morphology-based identification alone is imprecise as there are few characters to differentiate species within the genus and, therefore, molecular sequence data is important in identifying species. In this review we discuss the history and significance of the genus, illustrate the morphology and discuss its role as a plant pathogen and biological control agent. We illustrate the type species Myrothecium inundatum with a line diagram and M. uttaradiensis with photo plates and discuss species numbers in the genus. The genus is re-evaluated based on molecular analyses of ITS and EF1-α sequence data, as well as a combined ATP6, EF1-α, LSU, RPB1 and SSU dataset. The combined gene analysis proved more suitable for resolving the taxonomic placement of this genus. Results indicate that Myrothecium species are polyphyletic within Stachybotryaceae. We suggest future studies needed for the genus.

https://mycosphere.org/pdf/Mycosphere_7_1_7.pdf

Mycosphere Essays 2. Myrothecium

Three new species of Meliolaceae, Appendiculella monsterae on Monstera deliciosa (Araceae), Asteridiella nitidae on Buddleja nitida (Scrophulariaceae), and Irenopsis chrysophylli on Chrysophyllum sp. (Sapotaceae), are described based on material collected in Panama. Eighteen species of Meliolaceae are reported for the first time for Panama, which include four first records for the Americas, viz. Ast. formosensis, Meliola indica, and M. pisoniae, previously known only from Asia, and M. dissotidis hitherto known only from Africa. Six species of plants are cited as hosts for meliolaceous fungi for the first time. In a phylogenetic hypothesis based on 28S nrDNA sequences, the position of Meliolales, including Appendiculella, Asteridiella, Endomeliola, Irenopsis, and Meliola, is found to be basal to Sordariomycetidae, Hypocreomycetidae, and Xylariomycetidae within Sordariomycetes. The five genera of Meliolaceae form a strongly supported clade. We suggest adopting the concept of the subclass Meliolomycetidae. The monophyly of Asteridiella cannot be confirmed. A hypothetical close relationship between Asteridiella and Appendiculella is not supported, but Endomeliola appears closely related to a species of Asteridiella. Two Meliola species on the same host family are closely related.

New species and new records of Meliolaceae from Panama

Two species similar to Collodiscula were found on bamboo during studies of Xylariaceae in Guizhou Province, China. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS, LSU, RPB2, and β-tubulin loci sequences data indicated that the two taxa are closely related to Collodiscula japonica, the generic type. The new species are introduced in this paper with micrographs and descriptions and compared with C. japonica. Collodiscula leigongshanensis sp. nov., differs from C. japonica by its large (28–35 × 8–10.5 μm), 3-septate, dark brown ascospores, with slimy sheaths at the ends. Collodiscula fangjingshanensis sp. nov. is unique in its 3-septate, light brown ascospores (19–25.5 × 4.5–6 μm), with a slimy sheath covering the whole spore. The asexual morph of C. fangjingshanensis was also formed adjacent to the sexual morph on the host.

Two new species of the genus Collodiscula (Xylariaceae) from China

Mgrothecium acadiense, isolated from leaves of the weed Tussilago farfara collected in Nova Scotia, Canada, is described as a new anamorph species. It produces sporodochial conidiomata, percurrently proliferating conidiogenous cells, a green, slimy conidial mass and unusual cylindrical conidia that are swollen and convex at the base. Despite the fact that most species of Myrothecium have phialidic conidiogenous cells, a phylogenetic analysis of aligned DNA sequences of the 5' end of the large subunit (LSU) rDNA suggest that M. acadiense is closely related to the type of the genus, M. inundatum, tentatively placed in the Bionectriaceae, Hypocreales. Some comments are included on the relationships and generic concept of Trichothecium roseum.

Myrothecium acadiense, a new hyphomycete isolated from the weed Tussilago farfara.

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Myrothecium acadiense, a new hyphomycete isolated from the weed Tussilago farfara.