Solution blow spinning (SBS) is a maturing nanofiber fabrication technology. Over the past decade, there has been a growing interest in employing and developing this facile method of fabricating nanofibers, sourced from different materials to suit varied applications. For the first time, this review will provide a comprehensive overview of solution blow spinning, including the principles, materials, methods, and applications. We start with the principles of the SBS method, followed by a detailed account of the different precursor polymers (i.e., synthetic, biocompatible, and bio-based materials) and composites that have been used in the SBS of nanofibers. The proceeding section presents the known applications of nanofibers obtained through SBS which are discussed primarily in the areas of energy and electronics, biomedical, environmental, membrane separation, and, textile and smart material applications. We highlight the most important and recent advances related to SBS over the last ten years. Lastly, we give perspectives, challenges, opportunities, and new directions of the SBS technology.

Solution blow spinning (SBS) and SBS-spun nanofibers: Materials, methods, and applications

Electrospinning is one of the most accessed nanofabrication techniques during the last three decades, attributed to its viability for the mass production of continuous nanofibers with superior properties from a variety of polymers and polymeric composites. Large investments from various sectors have pushed the development of electrospinning industrial setups capable of producing nanofibers in millions of kilograms per year for several practical applications. Herein, the lessons learned over three decades of research, innovations, and designs on electrospinning products are discussed in detail. The historical developments, engineering, and future opportunities of electrospun nanofibers (ESNFs) are critically addressed. The laboratory-to-industry transition gaps for electrospinning technology and ESNFs products, the potential of electrospun nanostructured materials for various applications, and academia-industry comparison are comprehensively analyzed. The current challenges and future trends regarding the use of this technology to fabricate promising nano/macro-products are critically demonstrated. We show that future research on electrospinning should focus on theoretical and technological developments to achieve better maneuverability during large-scale fiber formation, redesigning the electrospinning process around decarbonizing the materials processing to align with the sustainability agenda and the integration of electrospinning technology with the tools of intelligent manufacturing and IR 4.0.

Electrospinning research and products: The road and the way forward

Climate-change-induced freshwater shortage and saline intrusion have been posing significant risks to agricultural sectors in arid and semi-arid regions, negatively impacting irrigation, crop yield, and food production. Climate-smart sustainable solutions are the requirement to combat these major concerns. To overcome freshwater scarcity, pressure-driven desalination techniques are used that require advanced operational systems and electricity, which creates an additional economic burden when applied in the agriculture sector. Therefore, more sustainable methods for soil and water desalination using plant-, microbial-, algal-, biomass-, and carbon-based systems are needed. This scoping review addresses the effects of climate change on freshwater shortage and global food production, the influence of salinity and sodicity on agriculture, and sustainable desalination technologies.

/pdf/freshwater-shortage-salinity-increase-and-global-food-exjr0aeq.pdf

Freshwater Shortage, Salinity Increase, and Global Food Production: A Need for Sustainable Irrigation Water Desalination—A Scoping Review

Application of solution blow spinning to rapidly fabricate natamycin-loaded gelatin/zein/polyurethane antimicrobial nanofibers for food packaging

Over the years, scientists have been continually striving to develop innovative solutions to design and fabricate medicines with improved therapeutic potential. Conventional dosage forms, such as tablets, capsules, and injections, are limited when exploited for advanced therapeutics, such as drug targeting. To cater to these limitations, nanofibres have emerged as novel nanomaterials to provide enhanced bioavailability, targeted drug release, extended drug release profile, minimum toxicity, and reduced dosage frequency, which has indisputably improved patient adherence and compliance. This review will concern understanding the potential of drug-loaded nanofibres in drug delivery while comprehending a detailed description of their different production methods. The literature has been thoroughly reviewed to appreciate their potential in developing nanofibrous-based pharmaceutical formulations. Overall, this review has highlighted the importance, versatility, and adaptability of nanofibres in developing medicines with varied drug release kinetics. Several problems must be resolved for their full commercial realisation, such as the drug loading, the initial burst effect, the residual organic solvent, the stability of active agents, and the combined usage of new or existing biocompatible polymers.

/pdf/nanofibres-in-drug-delivery-applications-3vtapnvx.pdf

Nanofibres in Drug Delivery Applications

A review of desalination technologies and its impact in the Philippines

The geometric chirality of nanoscale materials originates from the asymmetric structures of the enantiomeric molecules. Herein, we introduce a universal strategy for fabricating in situ-synthesized Au nanostructures (issAu) on biological substrates using a simple staining solution of Au precursors, surfactant, and reductant. As a proof-of-concept, we integrated this staining reaction into bacterial systems, achieving the oriented growth of issAu on organism skeletons. With the involvement of exogenous cysteine enantiomers in the staining solution, enantiomeric molecules contribute to anisotropic growth of branched issAu and the evolution of plasmonic chirality. Through reaction optimization, we successfully engineer chiral issAu onto bacteria, constructing these nanobioheterostructures as versatile, bacterium-derived nanomaterials. The simple and rapid staining method based on chiral issAu growth solutions facilitates the in situ plasmonic engineering of pathogenic bacteria, enabling optical microscopy imaging of individual microbes. Our protocol provides an approach for the chiral nanoengineering of biological entities and exhibits high potential in antimicrobial and bioanalytical applications.

Chiral Gold Staining Enables In Situ Plasmonic Engineering for Single-Bacterium Microscopic Imaging Analysis.

Cellulose-based nanofiber membrane fabrication remains a global challenge, especially the use of alternative and sustainable sources of cellulosic materials. Herein, an easy and highly scalable cellulose-based nanofiber membrane was successfully fabricated using a solution blow spinning (SBS) method. Such membrane fabrication was carried out with the assistance of an easy-to-spin precursor polymer (i.e. polyacrylonitrile (PAN)). Through this strategy, cellulose acetate (CA) was successfully spun into a ready-to-use membrane. The formation of CA with the PAN nanofiber is concentration-dependent and requires high air pressure to effectively overcome the composite precursor's surface tension and eventually produce nanofibers. Favourable CA concentration in PAN (i.e. 50%-65% v/v CAN/PAN) is important to the formation of sufficient molecular entanglement with PAN in solution. Upon fulfilling the optimized CA concentration, high air pressure (i.e. ≥3 bars) is used to produce jet-like polymeric fibers of PAN dragging off CA, forming numerous nanofibers which are then collected into a substrate forming a membrane. Characterizations of the CA/PAN composite nanofiber were carried out using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Such unique composite nanofiber membranes have potential as filters and adsorbent membranes for air and water/wastewater applications, as well as for biorefinery applications.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6528/ab90b4/pdf

Solution blow spinning-polyacrylonitrile-assisted cellulose acetate nanofiber membrane.

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Papers

Solution blow spinning (SBS) and SBS-spun nanofibers: Materials, methods, and applications

A review of desalination technologies and its impact in the Philippines

Chiral Gold Staining Enables In Situ Plasmonic Engineering for Single-Bacterium Microscopic Imaging Analysis.

Solution blow spinning-polyacrylonitrile-assisted cellulose acetate nanofiber membrane.