Inorganic–organic hybrid coatings by sol–gel process are very suitable for fighting corrosion. Inorganic sols in hybrid coatings not only increase adhesion by forming chemical bonds between metals and hybrid coatings, but also improve comprehensive performances of polymer in the coatings. Different organic polymers or organic functionalities are introduced into gel network to achieve tailored properties, such as hydrophobic properties, increasing cross-linking density, etc. As for corrosion protection of metals organic components of hybrid coatings are selected to repel water and form dense thick films and reduce coating porosity. The factors, such as the ratio of inorganic and organic components, cure temperature, pigments in hybrid coatings, need to be optimized for attaining hybrid films with the maximum corrosion resistance. Electro-deposition technique offers relatively thick homogeneous defect-free hybrid coatings in comparison to dip or spin coating techniques. Green cerium ions and non-ionizable organic inhibitors are more developed in hybrid coatings nowadays than other corrosion inhibitors. Long-term corrosion resistance techniques of inhibitors are discussed. The inhibitors entrapped in the nanocontainers are doped in hybrid films to prolong release of the inhibitors to damaged zones, which is discussed in detail. Among all the nanocontainers of corrosion inhibitors the prospective techniques which show superior corrosion protection are cyclodextrin/organic inhibitor inclusion complexes and layer by layer assembly of organic corrosion inhibitors in nanocontainers. Super-hydrophobic property of hybrid coatings derives from low surface tension and surface roughness of hybrid coatings, which endues the films with excellent corrosion protection for metals, but the durable property of super-hydrophobic coatings needs to be improved for industrial application. An ideal multiple model of hybrid coatings for superior anti-corrosion of metals proposed is a combination of super-hydrophobic hybrid coatings and underlying hybrid coatings doped with sustained release of corrosion inhibitors on metal substrates.

Inorganic–organic sol gel hybrid coatings for corrosion protection of metals

Thin film encapsulation of flexible organic light-emitting diodes (FOLEDs) with a moisture barrier, incorporating a silica nanoparticle-embedded sol–gel organic–inorganic hybrid nanocomposite (S–H nanocomposite) and Al2O3 were demonstrated, and their reliability and mechanical characteristics were assessed. The bending stress of the multi-layer structure for both the case of moisture barriers and encapsulated FOLEDs was investigated based on nonlinear finite-element analysis (FEA). To minimize the bending stress at the desired region, the neutral axis (NA) position could be strategically adjusted by the introduction of a buffer layer of UV-curable cycloaliphatic epoxy hybrid materials (hybrimer), synthesized via a sol–gel reaction. The optimized multi-layer structure, proposed as a result of FEA was validated by related experiments. Regarding the bending characteristics of the moisture barrier structure, the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the hybrimer-coated moisture barrier was much lower than that of a non-coated sample, as a result of calcium corrosion tests after bending. The structure of encapsulated FOLEDs, which are coated by the hybrimer achieved an almost identical performance to that of non-bending samples in spite of 30 days exposure to 30 °C and 90% R.H. after a bending test with a radius of 1 cm. During this period, the occurrence of dark spots caused by moisture penetration was effectively suppressed. Collectively, these results suggest that the bending characteristics of hybrimer-coated multi-layer structures are remarkably improved with the theoretical prediction of the NA position.

Reliable thin-film encapsulation of flexible OLEDs and enhancing their bending characteristics through mechanical analysis

The present invention relates to a non-foil packaging laminate for liquid food packaging comprising a core layer of paper or paperboard, outermost liquid tight, heat sealable layers of polyolefin and, applied onto the inner side of the layer of paper or paperboard, an oxygen gas barrier layer formed by liquid film coating of a liquid gas barrier composition and subsequent drying, the liquid composition containing a polymer binder dispersed or dissolved in a liquid medium. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing of the packaging laminate and to a packaging container that is made from the packaging laminate.

Packaging laminate, method for manufacturing of the packaging laminate and packaging container produced there from

The paper presents the analysis of analytical models to determine the stress state in the substrate–coating system, when a load is applied to the substrate. The results obtained with these models are shown to differ. It is noted that the advantage of the analytical methods as compared to the numerical analysis is the possibility to calculate stresses in the singularity region in the vicinity of the free edge of the coating. The character of the shear stress distribution is analyzed using the analytical models. Examples of using different approaches to determine the critical shear stresses that define the adhesive strength of coatings are given. The analysis of literature sources shows that both simple and more sophisticated analytical models are employed in the investigation of the adhesive strength of coatings.

Analytical Methods to Determine the Stress State in the Substrate–Coating System Under Mechanical Loads

The stability of many organic compounds is challenged by oxidation reactions with molecular oxygen from the air in accordance with thermodynamics. Whereas glass or metal containers may protect such products, these packaging types also offer severe disadvantages over plastics. Large-scale packaging, especially for food and beverage industries, has shifted towards polymeric materials with passive and active oxygen barrier technologies over the last decades. Even though patent literature is flooded with innovative barrier systems, the mechanisms behind them are rarely reported. In a world where packaging requirements regarding recyclability and safety are continuously getting stricter, accompanied by the appearance of emerging applications for plastic oxygen barriers (such as organic semi-conductors), research towards new materials seems inevitable. To this cause, proper in-depth knowledge of the existing solutions is a prerequisite. This review therefore attempts to go deep into the problems at hand and explain the chemistry behind the existing solution strategies and finally discusses perspectives suggesting new applications such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and solar cells.

Barriers and Chemistry in a Bottle: Mechanisms in Today’s Oxygen Barriers for Tomorrow’s Materials

Permeation analysis of ultra-thin hybrid organic/inorganic gas barrier coatings on polymers

This paper reviews different methods to characterize the barrier and the micro-mechanical properties of polymer substrates coated with ultra-thin silicon oxide layers deposited by plasma process (PECVD). Uniaxial fragmentation tests are used to determine the evolution of oxygen barrier (OTR) of the barrier film under strain; this test method provides also the cohesive properties of the coating and the interfacial adhesion between the coating and the substrate. OTR evolution with strain has been demonstrated to be useful if a general knowledge is required on several samples, for example, as quality control tool, or for ranking crack onset strain (COS) of different sample types, but it does not provide any information on mechanical parameters such as the cohesion and the interfacial shear strength of thin coatings. These coating characteristics could be obtained by observation of the evolution of fragmentation patterns of coatings under uniaxial load by in-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) or in-s...

Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Ultra-thin Oxide Coatings on Polymers by Uniaxial Fragmentation Tests

The invention relates to a thermo-mechanically stable, heat sealable vapour deposition barrier-coated polymer film, substantially comprising polymers based on polyethylene. The invention especially relates to such a metallised polymer film. The invention also relates to a packaging laminate comprising the vapour deposition coated polymer film and to a packaging container produced from such a packaging laminate. The invention further relates to a method for the production of the coated, stable, heat sealable polymer film and to the method of manufacturing a packaging laminate including the heat sealable film.

A barrier coated thermo-mechanically stable, heat sealable film, a packaging laminate comprising the film, a packaging container formed from the packaging laminate and a method for the production of the film

A thermo-mechanically stable, heat sealable mono-axially oriented polymer substrate film includes polymers based on low density polyethylene. The thermo-mechanically stable, heat sealable mono-axially oriented polymer substrate film can consist essentially of the polymers based on low density polyethylene. The disclosure also describes a vapour deposition coated substrate film, especially such a film which is metallised, a packaging laminate comprising the vapour deposition coated polymer substrate film, and a packaging container produced from such a packaging laminate. Also disclosed is a method for the production of the thermo-mechanically stable, heat sealable polymer substrate film and a method of vapour deposition coating the film.

Thermo-mechanically stable, heat sealable film, a barrier coated such film, a packaging laminate comprising the film, a packaging container formed from the packaging laminate and a method for the production of the film

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