Many psychiatric disorders are widely thought to involve problematic patterns of emotional reactivity and emotion regulation. Unfortunately, it has proven far easier to assert the centrality of "emotion dysregulation" than to rigorously document the ways in which individuals with various forms of psychopathology differ from healthy individuals in their patterns of emotional reactivity and emotion regulation. In the first section of this article, we define emotion and emotion regulation. In the second and third sections, we present a simple framework for examining emotion and emotion regulation in psychopathology. In the fourth section, we conclude by highlighting important challenges and opportunities in assessing and treating disorders that involve problematic patterns of emotion and emotion regulation.

/pdf/emotion-emotion-regulation-and-psychopathology-an-affective-irwfztijw2.pdf

Emotion, Emotion Regulation, and Psychopathology An Affective Science Perspective

The present narrative review addresses issues concerning the defining criteria and conceptual underpinnings of pain catastrophizing. To date, the concept of pain catastrophizing has been extensively used in many clinical and experimental contexts and it is considered as one of the most important psychological correlate of pain chronicity and disability. Although its extensive use, we are still facing important problems related to its defining criteria and conceptual understanding. At present, there is no general theoretical agreement of what catastrophizing really is. The lack of a consensus on its definition and conceptual issues has important consequences on the choice of the pain management approaches, defining and identifying problems, and promoting novel research. Clinical and research work in absence of a common theoretical ground is often trivial. It is very surprising that clinical and experimental work has grown extensively in the past years, without a common ground in the form of a clear definition of pain catastrophizing and overview of its conceptual basis. Improving the efficacy and efficiency of pan catastrophizing related treatments requires an understanding of the theoretical construct. So far, most interventions have only demonstrated modest effects in reducing pain catastrophizing. Therefore, clarifying the construct may be an important precursor for developing more targeted and effective interventions, thereby easing some of the burden related to this aspect of pain. In our review, we have extracted and de-constructed common elements that emerge from different theoretical models with the aim to understand the concept of catastrophizing, which components can be modulated by psychological interventions, and the general role in pain processing. The analysis of the literature has indicated essential key elements to explain pain catastrophizing: emotional regulation, catastrophic worry (as repetitive negative thinking), rumination, behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation (BIS/BAS) systems, and interoceptive sensitivity. The present paper attempts to integrate these key elements with the aim to re-compose and unify the concept within a modern biopsychosocial interpretation of catastrophizing.

/pdf/understanding-pain-catastrophizing-putting-pieces-together-4j5ui6sx2y.pdf

Understanding Pain Catastrophizing: Putting Pieces Together.

IIt is well known that alexithymic individuals may show significantly higher levels of anxiety, depression, and psychological suffering than nonalexithymics. There is an increasing evidence that alexithymia may be considered a risk factor for suicide, even simply increasing the risk of development of depressive symptoms or per se. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review was to elucidate the possible relationships between alexithymia and suicide risk. The majority of reviewed studies pointed out a relationship between alexithymia and increased suicide risk. In several studies this relationship was mediated by depressive symptoms. In conclusion, the importance of alexithymia screening in everyday clinical practice and the evaluation of clinical correlates of alexithymic traits should be integral parts of all disease management programs and, especially, of suicide prevention plans and interventions. However, studies limitations are discussed and must be considered.

/pdf/alexithymia-and-suicide-risk-in-psychiatric-disorders-a-mini-1pplhc07ge.pdf

Alexithymia and suicide risk in psychiatric disorders: a mini review

The core concept for pathophysiology in panic disorder (PD) is the fear network model (FNM) The alterations in FNM might be linked with disturbances in the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which is a common phenomenon in PD The traditional FNM included the frontal and limbic regions, which were dysregulated in the feedback mechanism for cognitive control of frontal lobe over the primitive response of limbic system The exaggerated responses of limbic system are also associated with dysregulation in the neurotransmitter system The neuroimaging studies also corresponded to FNM concept However, more extended areas of FNM have been discovered in recent imaging studies, such as sensory regions of occipital, parietal cortex and temporal cortex and insula The insula might integrate the filtered sensory information via thalamus from the visuospatial and other sensory modalities related to occipital, parietal and temporal lobes In this review article, the traditional and advanced FNM would be discussed I would also focus on the current evidences of insula, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes in the pathophysiology In addition, the white matter and functional connectome studies would be reviewed to support the concept of advanced FNM An emerging dysregulation model of fronto-limbic-insula and temporooccipito-parietal areas might be revealed according to the combined results of recent neuroimaging studies The future delineation of advanced FNM model can be beneficial from more extensive and advanced studies focusing on the additional sensory regions of occipital, parietal and temporal cortex to confirm the role of advanced FNM in the pathophysiology of PD

/pdf/fear-network-model-in-panic-disorder-the-past-and-the-future-3aowgmqxnj.pdf

Fear Network Model in Panic Disorder: The Past and the Future.

Alexithymia is characterized by difficulties in recognizing and verbalizing feelings, a paucity of fantasy life, concrete speech, and thought closely tied to external events. The alexithymia construct, formulated from clinical investi- gations, is multifaceted and includes four distinct characteristics: 1) difficulty identifying and describing feelings; 2) diffi- culty distinguishing feelings from bodily sensations; 3) diminution of fantasy; and 4) concrete and minimally introspective thinking. An increasing body of studies indicates that alexithymic features exist not only in classic psychosomatic disor- ders but also in other severe and chronic somatic diseases and psychiatric disorders such as Major Depression, and other Axis I disorders, such as Anxiety Disorders. The aim of the present review was to elucidate the relationships between alexithymia and Anxiety Disorders, in order to investigate the possible psychopathological and therapeutic implications.

The Impact of Alexithymia on Anxiety Disorders: a Review of the Literature

Alexithymia, fear of bodily sensations, and somatosensory amplification in young outpatients with panic disorder.

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Alexithymia, fear of bodily sensations, and somatosensory amplification in young outpatients with panic disorder.