Online coupled mesoscale meteorology atmospheric chemistry models have undergone a rapid evolution in recent years. Although mainly developed by the air quality modelling community, these models are also of interest for numerical weather prediction and regional climate modelling as they can consider not only the effects of meteorology on air quality, but also the potentially important effects of atmospheric composition on weather. Two ways of online coupling can be distinguished: online integrated and online access coupling. Online integrated models simulate meteorology and chemistry over the same grid in one model using one main time step for integration. Online access models use independent meteorology and chemistry modules that might even have different grids, but exchange meteorology and chemistry data on a regular and frequent basis. This article offers a comprehensive review of the current research status of online coupled meteorology and atmospheric chemistry modelling within Europe. Eighteen regional online coupled models developed or being used in Europe are described and compared. Topics discussed include a survey of processes relevant to the interactions between atmospheric physics, dynamics and composition; a brief overview of existing online mesoscale models and European model developments; an analysis on how feedback processes are treated in these models; numerical issues associated with coupled models; and several case studies and model performance evaluation methods. Finally, this article highlights selected scientific issues and emerging challenges that require proper consideration to improve the reliability and usability of these models for the three scientific communities: air quality, numerical meteorology modelling (including weather prediction) and climate modelling. This review will be of particular interest to model developers and users in all three fields as it presents a synthesis of scientific progress and provides recommendations for future research directions and priorities in the development, application and evaluation of online coupled models. © 2014 Author(s).

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Online coupled regional meteorology chemistry models in Europe: current status and prospects

Numerical analysis of hydrogen release, dispersion and combustion in a tunnel with fuel cell vehicles using all-speed CFD code GASFLOW-MPI

The indirect effects of aerosol are particularly important over regions where meteorological conditions and aerosol content are favourable to cloud formation. This was observed during the Intensive Cloud Aerosol Measurement Campaign (IMPACT) (European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air quality Interaction (EUCAARI) project) in the Benelux Union during May 2008. To better understand this cloud formation variability, the indirect effects of aerosol have been included within the WRF-CHIMERE online model. By comparing model results to the aircraft measurements of IMPACT, to surface measurements from EMEP and AIRBASE and to MODIS satellite measurements, we showed that the model is able to simulate the variability and order of magnitude of the observed number of condensation nuclei (CN), even if some differences are identified for specific aerosol size and location. To quantify the impact of the local anthropogenic emissions on cloud formation, a sensitivity study is performed by halving the surface emissions fluxes. It is shown that the indirect radiative effect (IRE) at the surface is positive for both shortwave and longwave with a net warming of +0.99 W/m2. In addition, important instantaneous changes are modelled at local scale with up to ±6 °C for temperatures and ±50 mm/day for precipitation.

Implementation of Aerosol-Cloud Interaction within WRF-CHIMERE Online Coupled Model: Evaluation and Investigation of the Indirect Radiative Effect from Anthropogenic Emission Reduction on the Benelux Union

The annual report of the Institute for Nuclear and Energy Technologies of KIT summarizes its research activities and provides some highlights of each working group, like thermal-hydraulic analyses for fusion reactors, accident analyses for light water reactors, and research on innovative energy technologies: liquid metal technologies for energy conversion, hydrogen technologies and geothermal power plants. The institute has been engaged in education and training in energy technologies.

/pdf/annual-report-2019-of-the-institute-for-nuclear-and-energy-37q6pjxh2e.pdf

Annual Report 2019 of the Institute for Nuclear and Energy Technologies

Aerosols have a significant impact on the Earth’s radiation budget by scattering and absorbing solar radiation thus decreasing the radiation absorbed at the surface and increasing low-level static stability. Recent developments in urban air pollution modelling have focused on the introduction of two-way coupling between aerosol modules and the driving meteorological models, aiming to a more accurate description of aerosol-induced radiative forcings in the atmosphere. In this study, the feedback mechanism due to the aerosol direct effect is examined with the aid of a mesoscale Eulerian meteorological model and a chemical transport model, as part of an on-line coupled scheme. For the assessment of the performance of the coupled model system, pollutant dispersion over the Paris area is simulated over a summer period in 2005 identified in the framework of the MEGAPOLI project. A comparison between the standalone and coupled calculations reveals that the radiative forcing due to the direct effect has a substantial impact on the calculated meteorological fields and leads to an improved representation of the pollutant concentration patterns.

Using a Coupled Meteorological and Chemical Transport Modelling Scheme to Evaluate the Impact of the Aerosol Direct Effect on Pollutant Concentration Fields in Paris

Analysis of transient supersonic hydrogen release, dispersion and combustion

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Using a Coupled Meteorological and Chemical Transport Modelling Scheme to Evaluate the Impact of the Aerosol Direct Effect on Pollutant Concentration Fields in Paris

Analysis of transient supersonic hydrogen release, dispersion and combustion