Background: The specific targeting of nanomedicines to mannose receptors, highly expressed in cells of the immune system, performs a useful strategy for improving the efficacy of vaccines and chemotherapy Objective: This review discusses the potential of mannose-targeted drug/antigen delivery systems for vaccination and treatment of diseases localized in macrophages and other antigen-presenting cells Methods: The first part of the review describes the characteristics, localization and functions of mannose receptors The following sections are devoted to the description of different methods used to deliver therapeutic agents, including mannose conjugates and mannosylated carriers or particulates (ie, liposomes, nanoparticles and niosomes) Results/conclusions: A general overview of published reports confirms the effectiveness of mannosylation strategies, although the optimization and full exploitation of mannose-targeted drug delivery systems would require a deeper understanding of the structure–activi

Mannose-targeted systems for the delivery of therapeutics.

Solid-phase chemical tools for glycobiology.

Oligolysine-based oligosaccharide clusters. Selective recognition and endocytosis by the mannose receptor and dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3 (ICAM-3)-grabbing nonintegrin.

Glycobiology is the comprehensive biological investigation of carbohydrates. The study of the role and function of complex carbohydrates often requires the attachment of carbohydrates to surfaces, their tagging with fluorophores, or their conversion into natural or non-natural glycoconjugates, such as glycopeptides or glycolipids. Glycobiology and its "omics", glycomics, require easy and robust chemical methods for the construction of these glycoconjugates. This review gives an overview of the rapidly expanding field of chemical reactions that selectively convert unprotected carbohydrates into glycoconjugates through the anomeric position. The discussion is divided in terms of the anomeric bond type of the newly formed glycoconjugates, including O-, N-, S-, and C-glycosides.

Chemoselective reactions for the synthesis of glycoconjugates from unprotected carbohydrates

Glycotargeting: the preparation of glyco-amino acids and derivatives from unprotected reducing sugars.

Novel glycosynthons for glycoconjugate preparation: oligosaccharylpyroglutamylanilide derivatives

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Novel glycosynthons for glycoconjugate preparation: oligosaccharylpyroglutamylanilide derivatives