The Variscan segment of the Pyrenees is well suited to study the timing of crustal-scale
deformations as crustal flow and gneiss dome formation. This has been constrained from a synthesis
of available structural and geochronological data of intrusive rocks, as well as new zircon
U–Pb age determinations via laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry
(LA-ICP-MS). After a stage of moderate thickening by fold–thrust belt development in the
upper crust between 323 and 308 Ma, the Variscan segment of the Pyrenees experienced crustal
flow at c. 306 Ma and then gneiss dome formation at c. 304 Ma. Localization of the deformation
along reverse-dextral shear zones occurred at c. 300 Ma. The Variscan segment of the Pyrenees
recorded a high-temperature regime, which allowed crustal flow of the middle crust, but with
limited amounts of heat which induced rapid cooling. The development of this enigmatic orogenic
segment of the Variscan belt is closely contemporaneous with the formation of the Cantabrian Orocline
and could correspond to a lithospheric-scale shear zone that accommodated buckling of the
orocline. Late Variscan lithospheric delamination and asthenospheric upwelling associated with
buckling in the core of the Cantabrian Orocline could explain the short-period high-temperature
regime in the Variscan segment of the Pyrenees.

Timing of granite emplacement, crustal flow and gneiss dome formation in the Variscan segment of the Pyrenees

Rift-to-collision sediment routing in the Pyrenees: A synthesis from sedimentological, geochronological and kinematic constraints

Early Variscan (Visean) granites in the core of central Pyrenean gneiss domes: implications from laser ablation U-Pb and Th-Pb studies

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03054250/document

Crustal-scale balanced cross-section and restorations of the Central Pyrenean belt (Nestes-Cinca transect): Highlighting the structural control of Variscan belt and Permian-Mesozoic rift systems on mountain building

https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00563983/document

Granite intrusion in a metamorphic core complex: The example of the Mykonos laccolith (Cyclades, Greece)

The Hercynian Borderes-Louron pluton (20 km2) in the Central Pyrenees intrudes Devonian and Carboniferous metasediments. It shows a concentric zoning and consists of a significant proportion of (quartz) gabbros in its periphery, and of granodiorites, biotite monzogranites and biotite-muscovite monzogranites in its core. AMS study shows that the pluton corresponds to an elongated dome with a N100°E-trending axis. The anisotropy intensity Ppara% is high in the south and in the core of the pluton, whereas it is low in the north. The shape parameter T indicates that the fabric is strongly planar in a large central band oriented NW-SE, whereas it is strongly linear in the western and eastern tips of the pluton. These characteristics suggest that the Borderes-Louron pluton emplaced in two episodes: (1) intrusion of mafic magmas along a N100°E sill parallel to the regional foliation of the host metasediments; and (2) injection of three successive silicic batches (granodiorite, biotite monzogranite, two-micas monzogranite) which pushed aside the early mafic injections. In situ U-Pb dating of zircon grains indicates that the emplacement age of the biotite monzogranite is 309 ± 4 Ma, synchronous with the D
 2 dextral transpressive event and close to the ages of the eastern Pyrenean plutons, may be slightly older.

Structure, age and mode of emplacement of the Hercynian Bordères-Louron pluton (Central Pyrenees, France)

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Structure, age and mode of emplacement of the Hercynian Bordères-Louron pluton (Central Pyrenees, France)