The use of organofluorine compounds has increased throughout this century, and they are now ubiquitous environmental contaminants. Although generally viewed as recalcitrant because of their lack of chemical reactivity, many fluorinated organics are biologically active. Several questions surround their distribution, fate, and effects. Of particular interest is the fate of perfluoroalkyl substituents, such as the trifluoromethyl group. Most evidence to date suggest that such groups resist defluorination, yet they can confer significant biological activity. Certain volatile fluorinated compounds can be oxidized in the troposphere yielding nonvolatile compounds, such as trifluoroacetic acid. In addition, certain nonvolatile fluorinated compounds can be transformed in the biosphere to volatile compounds. Research is needed to assess the fate and effects of nonvolatile fluorinated organics, the fluorinated impurities present in commercial formulations, and the transformation products generated by biochemical pr...

Fluorinated Organics in the Biosphere

Abiotic reduction reactions of anthropogenic organic chemicals in anaerobic systems: A critical review

These studies were conducted in the laboratory on two soils at two temperatures to define the rate of degradation and the associated rate law for trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine), benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine), and 2,6-dinitro-N-(3-pentyl)-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-toluidine (hereafter referred to as Unnamed). Rate of degradation was directly correlated with temperature and moisture content. First order kinetics adequately described the rate of degradation at 15 C, but the simple first order assumption was not sufficient to describe degradation at 30 C. The implication of our interpretation is that at 30 C two rate processes may operate in the soil degradation of these three dinitroaniline herbicides. The data show an initial rapid first order rate of degradation with a subsequent change to a slower first order process. First half lives ranged from 0.4 to 1.8 months at 30 C and were consistently lower in a loam than in a sandy loam soil.

Soil Degradation of Three Dinitroanilines

Biological and abiotic degradation of xenobiotic compounds in in vitro estaurine water and sediment/water systems

Trifluralin Persistence as Affected by Depth of Soil Incorporation

Fate of trifluralin in soils and plants

Fate of benefin in soils, plants, artificial rumen fluid and the ruminant animal.

Fate of carbon-14[-labeled] trifluralin in artificial rumen fluid and in ruminant animals

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Fate of trifluralin in soils and plants

Fate of benefin in soils, plants, artificial rumen fluid and the ruminant animal.

Fate of carbon-14[-labeled] trifluralin in artificial rumen fluid and in ruminant animals