In this paper, precipitation concentrations across the Pearl River basin and the associated spatial patterns are analyzed based on daily precipitation data of 42 rain gauging stations during the period 1960-2005. Regions characterized by the different changing properties of precipitation concentration index (CI) are identified. The southwest and northeast parts of the Pearl River basin are characterized by lower and decreasing precipitation CI; the northwest and south parts of the study river basin show higher and increasing precipitation CI. Higher but decreasing precipitations CI are found in the West and East River basin. Comparison of precipitation CI trends before and after 1990 shows that most parts of the Pearl River basin are characterized by increasing precipitation CI after 1990. Decreasing precipitation CI after 1990 (compared to precipitation CI changes before 1990) is observed only in a few stations located in the lower Gui River and the lower Yu River. Significant increasing precipitation CI after 1990 is detected in the West River, lower North River and upper Beipan River. These changes of precipitation CI in the Pearl River basin are likely to be associated with the consequences of the well-evidenced global warming. These findings can contribute to basin-scale water resource management and conservation of ecological environment in the Pearl River basin.

Changing properties of precipitation concentration in the Pearl River basin, China

Analysis of daily and monthly rainfall concentration in Southern Italy (Calabria region)

Are precipitation concentration and intensity changing in Bangladesh overtimes? Analysis of the possible causes of changes in precipitation systems.

Data from a long-term fertilization trial at the Institute for Crop and Soil Science in Braunschweig, Germany were used to evaluate the influence of tillage systems and phosphorus (P) fertilization on the physical and chemical properties of soil, P accumulation in soils, yield of various crops, and P uptake. The trial was set up in 1985. In 1998 two tillage systems, conventional and conservation, and three different fertilizer regimes were implemented. The three fertilizer regimes were (i) nitrogen and potassium, (ii) nitrogen, potassium and farmyard manure, and (iii) nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and farmyard manure. Results from 1998 onwards are presented. Six and 8 years after implementing the two different tillage systems, the conservation tillage management resulted in a better pore connectivity and a higher saturated hydraulic conductivity than the conventional system. Generally, the soil organic matter (SOM) contents increased in all treatments from 1998, and were higher under conservation than under conventional tillage. The yield was not significantly affected by the tillage system. Mineral P-fertilization at a rate of 40 kg ha −1 annually resulted in a build-up of plant-available P in the top soil compared with non-fertilized plots, but in general did not increase P uptake. While the reduction in tillage intensity affected soil properties, it had very limited effects on yield and nutrient uptake.

Effect of tillage systems and P-fertilization on soil physical and chemical properties, crop yield and nutrient uptake.

Simulating the impact of climate change on soil erosion in sub-tropical monsoon dominated watershed based on RUSLE, SCS runoff and MIROC5 climatic model

This study estimates the implications of projected seasonal variations in rainfall quantities caused by climate change for water erosion rates by means of a modeling case study on sugar beet cultivation in the Central European region of Upper-Austria. A modified version of the revised Morgan-Morgan-Finney erosion model was used to assess soil losses in one conventional and three conservation tillage systems. The model was employed to a climatic reference scenario (1960-89) and a climate change scenario (2070-99). Data on precipitation changes for the 2070-99 scenario were based on the IPCC SRES A2 emission scenario as simulated by the regional climate model HadRM3H. Weather data in daily time-steps, for both scenarios, were generated by the stochastic weather generator LARS WG 3.0. The HadRM3H climate change simulation did not show any significant differences in annual precipitation totals, but strong seasonal shifts of rainfall amounts between 10 and 14% were apparent. This intra-annual precipitation change resulted in a net-decrease of rainfall amounts in erosion sensitive months and an overall increase of rainfall in a period, in which the considered agricultural area proved to be less prone to erosion. The predicted annual average soil losses under climate change declined in all tillage systems by 11 to 24%, which is inside the margins of uncertainty typically attached to climate change impact studies. Annual soil erosion rates in the conventional tillage system exceeded 10 t ha- 1 a- 1 in both climate scenarios. Compared to these unsustainably high soil losses the conservation tillage systems show reduced soil erosion rates by between 49 and 87%. The study highlights the importance of seasonal changes in climatic parameters for the discussion about the impacts of global climate change on future soil erosion rates in Central Europe. The results also indicate the high potential of adaptive land-use management for climate change response strategies in the agricultural sector.

Soil erosion from sugar beet in Central Europe in response to climate change induced seasonal precipitation variations.

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Soil erosion from sugar beet in Central Europe in response to climate change induced seasonal precipitation variations.