This paper explores the significance of virtual space to the bereaved, as a site of remembrance and focus for mourning practices and expression of emotions. It is argued that in the countries of the developed north west, such as the UK, where a high proportion of the population are computer literate and are used to working with and communicating through virtual technology, such as social networking sites, the internet has been established as a normal place for remembering the dead. Remembrance is in part shaped by typical net practices and terminology, as well as by the technological possibilities of the internet, which, combined, accommodate ongoing uploading and editing of images, text, music and gifts. This gives these memorials a vibrant and dynamic contemporary character which is often expressed through colloquial idiom and popular culture, thereby representing and constituting aspects of the vernacular. Some social networking sites and more formal memorial hosts, such as commercial or chari...

Online memorials: the virtual as the new vernacular

This thesis argues that, although attempts were initially made at the Reformation of 1560 to reform Scottish burial practices, and thereafter further attempts were made fairly consistently throughout the following decades and centuries, it was actually not until the Disruption of 1843 and subsequent events that there was any true measure of success in the reform of Scottish burial practices. Prior to the Reformation Scotland was a Catholic nation, although in terms of burial practices it was somewhat different to other Catholic countries. This individuality of burial practice was to continue throughout the three centuries covered by this thesis. Following the Reformation attempts were made by the various Kirk authorities throughout Scotland to reform burial practice along Protestant lines. These attempts were largely uniform throughout Scotland, although certain regional variations existed, for instance attempts made to ban practices such as the coronach in the Highlands and Islands. Some of these attempts were successful, others were less so. Additionally, reforms aimed at the lower social orders were more successful, on the whole, than those aimed at the upper classes, as the upper classes could afford to pay nominal fines after a breach of the rules concerning burial. However, over the period the goals of the early reformers to ensure that in death all were seen to be equal, regardless of class or social status, and the removal of practices deemed to be superstitious or intercessory, were more or less ignored. By the time of the Disruption burial practice in Scotland was barely related to the ideals of Knox and the other early Scottish reformers. However, with the expulsion of the Free Church of Scotland from the Kirk owned burial grounds, new locations had to be sought. These were ultimately found in the newly opened public cemeteries. These were locations set aside for burial alone, and were not consecrated, two of the core ideals of the early Scottish reformers. Additionally, there were no graveside sermons and no attempts at intercession on behalf of the dead. Finally, after three centuries, at least one group of Scottish Presbyterians had almost fully embraced the reformation of the dead.

The Long Reformation of the Dead in Scotland

Drawing on the literature of metaphor, movement and memorialisation, this paper focuses on the ‘final journey’, a metaphoric journey undertaken by dead residents which allowed workers in care homes for older people to cope with the amounts of death that they encountered working in care homes for the elderly. Movement plays a key role in the routine functioning of the home and the metaphoric language of a journey is an important conclusion to the stages that have preceded this. It helps explain the care that surrounds death and dying within the care home. Workers’ experiences show that there is a rich oral tradition which symbolism, spirituality, ritual and memorial language explain and at the same time creates continuity for workers within care homes. I argue that the search for meaning is important for staff as they continually face the deterioration of people during their working lives. Further, the use of a metaphorical journey is a practical device for remembering and is imbued with the carin...

Memorialisation and the metaphor of final journeys: workers’ experiences of dealing with death within care homes for the elderly

This Framework is published as a website. With contributions from: Marcus Abbott, Laila Kitzler Ahfeldt, Tertia Barnett, Bruce Bishop, David Breeze, David Caldwell, Murray Cook, Neil Curtis, Audrey Dakin, Fiona Davidson, Stephen Driscoll, Iain Fraser, Shannon Fraser, Simon Gilmour, Moira Greig, Marta Diaz Guardamino, Mark Hall, Strat Halliday, Isabel Henderson, John Hughes, Fern Insh, Andy Meirion Jones, Siân Jones, Dianne King, Murdo Macdonald, Cait McCullagh, Peter McKeague, Adrian Maldonado, Gilbert Markus, Hugh Morrison, Colin Muir, Gordon Noble, Emma O’Riordan, John Picken, Edwina Proudfoot, John Raven, Anna Ritchie, Matthew Ritchie, Judith Roebuck, Christa Roodt, Nigel Ruckley, Jeff Sanders, Ian G Scott, Bill Stephens, Antonia Thomas, George Thomson, Sharon Webb, Iain Ross Wallace, Kelsey Jackson Williams

/pdf/future-thinking-on-carved-stones-in-scotland-a-research-45xhc1ycxe.pdf

Future Thinking on Carved Stones in Scotland: A Research Framework

At the end of the nineteenth century, more and more sepulchral monuments made of a durable material began to be erected in Finnish rural graveyards. The personal names inscribed on the monuments to...

Rural people’s literacy skills in the remembrance of the departed: the writing of personal names on sepulchral monuments at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries

Recent work on tombstone lettering by the author has demonstrated its value as a cultural marker. Throughout Britain, Ireland, New England, and Canada, lettering on some headstones demonstrates a n...

Tombstone lettering in Scotland and New England: An appreciation of a vernacular culture

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

George Thomson

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Tombstone lettering in Scotland and New England: An appreciation of a vernacular culture