Comparative Wood Anatomy

Fossil data have been interpreted as indicating that Late Cretaceous tropical forests were open and dry adapted and that mod- ern closed-canopy rain forest did not originate until after the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) boundary. However, some mid-Cretaceous leaf floras have been interpreted as rain forest. Molecular divergence- time estimates within the clade Malpighiales, which constitute a large percentage of species in the shaded, shrub, and small tree layer in tropical rain forests worldwide, provide new tests of these hypotheses. We estimate that all 28 major lineages (i.e., traditionally recognized families) within this clade originated in tropical rain forest well before the Tertiary, mostly during the Albian and Cenomanian (112-94 Ma). Their rapid rise in the mid-Cretaceous may have resulted from the origin of adaptations to survive and reproduce under a closed forest canopy. This pattern may also be paralleled by other similarly diverse lineages and supports fossil indications that closed-canopy tropical rain forests existed well before the K/T boundary. This case illustrates that dated phylogenies can provide an important new source of ev- idence bearing on the timing of major environmental changes, which may be especially useful when fossil evidence is limited or controversial.

/pdf/explosive-radiation-of-malpighiales-supports-a-mid-2qe671arz5.pdf

Explosive Radiation of Malpighiales Supports a Mid‐Cretaceous Origin of Modern Tropical Rain Forests

Parsimony analysis of matK sequence data from 81 taxa representing 68 genera of Myrtaceae sensu lato, and a representative of each of three related families as outgroups, produced an estimate of the phylogeny of the family with little basal resolution but a number of well-supported clades containing most of the genera Monophyly of Myrtaceae sensu stricto has moderate support but a broader circumscription, including the small genera Psiloxylon and Heteropyxis that are frequently placed in monogeneric families, is more strongly supported Analysis of matK plus available sequences for the 5′ spacer region for a subset of 56 taxa resolved 14 major clades that received strong jackknife support Relationships between these were, for the most part, incompletely resolved or poorly supported A new infrafamilial classification is proposed which recognises two subfamilies (Myrtoideae, Psiloxyloideae) and 17 tribes (Backhousieae stat nov, Chamelaucieae, Eucalypteae stat nov, Heteropyxideae, Kanieae, Leptospermeae, Lindsayomyrteae trib nov, Lophostemoneae trib nov, Melaleuceae, Metrosidereae stat nov, Myrteae, Osbornieae trib nov, Psiloxyleae, Syncarpieae trib nov, Syzygieae trib nov, Tristanieae trib nov, Xanthostemoneae trib nov)

Relationships within Myrtaceae sensu lato based on a matK phylogeny

In field populations of the biennial plant (Dipsacus fullonum L.) the probability that an individual will die, remain vegetative, or flower during a particular growing season is highly correlated with the size of its vegetative rosette at the end of the growing season of the preceding year. Further, a rosette forms a flowering stalk only after attaining a critical size. Correlations of various plant fates with rosette size are independent of rosette age; hence size provides better predictions of plant fate than age.

Predictions of fate from rosette size in teasel (Dipsacus fullonum L.).

Support for an expanded family concept of Malvaceae within a recircumscribed order Malvales: a combined analysis of plastid atpB and rbcL DNA sequences

The genera of Vitaceae in the southeastern United States

The genera of Celastrales in the southeastern United States

Subgeneric and Sectional Names: Their Starting Points and Early Sources

Comparative anatomy and relationships of Columelliaceae

Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on the genus rhus (anacardiaceae)

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