Natural disasters have a major detrimental impact on agricultural production. In recent decades, China has experienced more frequent natural disasters as a result of climate change. Although the spatial and temporal changes in natural disasters for individual catastrophic activities are well understood, the impact of several disasters on cereal crop productivity and subsequent quality loss remains unknown. Furthermore, due to the key significance of cereal in China’s daily diet, a decrease in cereal quality, namely protein, will have a detrimental effect on nutrient supply. To better understand the relationship between natural disasters and cereal crop food quality in China, we used province-level data from 1988 to 2020 to construct a dataset of natural disasters, crop production, and protein contents of cereal crops (rice, wheat, and maize). Our findings suggest that activities in areas affected by natural disasters have decreased dramatically since the 21st century, with changes in areas affected by such disasters varying by province. Between 1988 and 2020, the total protein losses from grain and straw harvests due to natural disasters were 11.93 and 391.27 million tons. Overall, the annual mean total protein loss in maize, rice, and wheat was 4,982.26, 5,055.4, and 4,200.34 thousand tons, respectively. Although was responsible for half of the protein losses in more than half of the provinces. Drought and floods accounted for 80% of the total area affected by all natural disasters.

/pdf/the-protein-losses-of-three-major-cereal-crops-by-natural-3njzjtqx.pdf

The Protein Losses of Three Major Cereal Crops by Natural Disasters in China From 1988 to 2020

On the basis of the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020, this paper first constructs an index system through the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model and conducts a comprehensive evaluation of China’s agricultural environment according to the entropy weight TOPSIS model. Second, a coupling coordination degree model is established to calculate the degree of coupling coordination between the agricultural economy and the environment in each province. Finally, a spatial Durbin model is established to analyze the influencing factors of China’s agricultural economy. Results show that: ① the overall environment in the eastern region has little change, and the overall level is relatively backward; the agricultural environment in the central region is uneven; the agricultural environment in the western region is quite different from north to south. ② The regions with a high level of coupling coordination are mainly concentrated in the central and southern regions, and the performance is relatively intensive. The agricultural economy and the environment in the western region are extremely uncoordinated, and as is the overall coupling coordination between the agricultural economy and the environment in the eastern region in general. Further improvement is also needed. ③ Fixed asset investment, total power of agricultural machinery, rural electricity consumption, rural population, and rural per capita disposable income all have important influences on China’s agricultural economy. ④ The rural population size has a positive and the largest effect on the agricultural economy, whereas rural per capita disposable income has a negative effect on the agricultural economy. Moreover, improving farmers’ enthusiasm for farming is one of the key issues to be solved urgently.

/pdf/coupling-coordination-of-chinas-agricultural-environment-and-1pdsj0s8.pdf

Coupling Coordination of China’s Agricultural Environment and Economy under the New Economic Background

Natural disasters and climate change impose a severe threat to the sustainable development of economy and human society. This paper studies the economic consequences of meteorological disasters specifically to the wages income and unemployment. Using panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2010 to 2018 as a sample, it examines the relationship between meteorological disasters and labor market, and then verifies the moderating effect of government emergency response policy which is obtained through big data crawler technology. The results show that meteorological disasters will increase the level of unemployment, and at the same time increase the wage income of urban and rural people; while government emergency response policy only plays a moderating role between meteorological disasters and urban wage income. Although this paper focuses on China geographically, the overall conclusions presented in this article have strong policy implications for other regions in developing countries facing the challenge of meteorological disasters.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11069-021-04526-x.pdf

How meteorological disasters affect the labor market? The moderating effect of government emergency response policy

Climate change is an urgent global issue and anthropogenic influence on the climate system is clear. Climate models project a world with significant increases in the frequency and intensity of climate extremes and natural disasters. Although climate change impacts are not always negative, adverse impacts of climate change will alter the normal conditions of the physical environments, ecosystems, and social environments, and thus threaten the societal sustainable developments and human well-beings. The risks of climate change on human health, ecosystems, economics, agriculture, fishery and forestry have been alerted. However, we still lack a thorough understanding of climate change induced disasters as well as impacts and risks of these disasters. To better understand the climate change impacts, a special issue focusing on Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Assessments incorporates the progresses on global change, regional climate modeling and future projections in the light of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). It focuses on extreme events and natural disasters, and their social and economic impacts as well as advances in predictability over time and space. This special issue covers three aspects of climate change impacts, i.e., natural environments, ecosystems, and social environments.

Climate change adaptation and disaster risk assessments: A preface

The agricultural sector is essential for economic growth. However, agricultural performance can be limited by factors such as climatic risks. This paper aims to analyse the effect of climate extreme events on selected food crop yield in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The study uses data from the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) database for maize, rice, and sorghum yields. Also, we used data obtained from the International Disaster Database of the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) for floods and droughts over the period 1990-2020. The data were analysed based on the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS). The results showed that climate extreme events negatively affected maize, rice and sorghum yields. Also, the findings showed that floods and droughts in past years negatively influence current yields of maize, rice and sorghum. Moreover, agricultural labour force, fertilizer and financial development are the main transmission channels through which floods and droughts can affect maize, rice and sorghum yields. The study concludes by recommending that policies aimed at promoting climate change adaptation measures as well as agricultural insurance could make the agriculture sector more resilient to climate extreme events and in turn that could improve agricultural productivity and reduce food insecurity. The agricultural sector is essential for economic growth. However, agricultural performance can be limited by factors such as climatic risks. This paper aims to analyse the effect of climate extreme events on selected food crop yield in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The study uses data from the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) database for maize, rice, and sorghum yields. Also, we used data obtained from the International Disaster Database of the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) for floods and droughts over the period 1990-2020. The data were analysed based on the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS). The results showed that climate extreme events negatively affected maize, rice and sorghum yields. Also, the findings showed that floods and droughts in past years negatively influence current yields of maize, rice and sorghum. Moreover, agricultural labour force, fertilizer and financial development are the main transmission channels through which floods and droughts can affect maize, rice and sorghum yields. The study concludes by recommending that policies aimed at promoting climate change adaptation measures as well as agricultural insurance could make the agriculture sector more resilient to climate extreme events and in turn that could improve agricultural productivity and reduce food insecurity. JEL ClassificationQ54 – Q15 – Q11 

The effects of climate extreme events on selected food crop yields in Sub-Saharan Africa

Natural disasters play significant destructive roles in agricultural production. Agriculture has substantially altered the biogeochemical silica cycle via the harvest of the grain and straw of silica-rich crops. China is a developing agricultural country that experiences frequent natural disasters. Although the spatiotemporal changes in the occurrence of natural disasters are well known for individual disaster events, the study of the effects of multiple disasters on cereal crop productivity and the resultant silica harvest is still relatively new. To make the connection between natural disasters and the silica biogeochemical cycle, we compiled a dataset of natural disasters and crop production and silicon contents in cereal crops (rice, wheat, and maize) in China using province-level data from 1988 to 2016. Our results show that the area affected by natural disasters declined significantly after 2000, and changes in the area affected by natural disasters varied at the province level. From 1988 to 2016, the total silica losses from grain and straw harvests due to natural disasters were 7.14 and 53.10 million tons, respectively. Half of the silica loss in more than half of the provinces was caused by drought. Our study suggests that drought prevention will increase the size of the silica sink and thereby increase the size of the carbon sink in China's agriculture.

Natural disasters and their impacts on the silica losses from agriculture in China from 1988 to 2016

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Natural disasters and their impacts on the silica losses from agriculture in China from 1988 to 2016