Although the competitive lateral flow immunoassay (CLFIA) using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as labels has been widely adopted for the rapid detection of small molecules, its sensitivity is often constrained by the insufficient colorimetric signal produced by conventional AuNPs labels. Herein, we introduce a new type of intensified colorimetric label, denoted as SAAS, which is engineered by integrating gold-silver alloy nanoparticles (Au-Ag NPs) within a dendritic silica scaffold. These pitaya-type silica nanohybrids combine the advantages of the amplified molar extinction coefficient of alloy units with the signal collective effect of numerous Au-Ag NPs in a singular label. The SAAS-based CLFIA strips not only achieve qualitative screening of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) at an extraordinarily low concentration of 0.2 ng/mL by the naked eye but also enable precise AFB1 quantification through a smartphone, with a remarkable limit of detection of 0.00314 ng/mL. Moreover, by leveraging SAAS as a quencher, we have delved into transforming the conventional signal-off mode of competitive immunoassay into a signal-on configuration. This innovation led to the development of a fluorescent LFIA that augments interpretative precision and sensitivity. Our study demonstrates the substantial potential of the proposed nanohybrid labels in enhancing the sensitivity of CLFIA for detecting small molecules.

Gold-Silver Alloy Nanoparticle-Incorporated Pitaya-Type Silica Nanohybrids for Sensitive Competitive Lateral Flow Immunoassay.

Food safety is a major issue because of the prevalence of pathogens, chemicals, and other potentially harmful substances in food products. Because of this, the creation of a reliable and accessible tool for checking on food quality is essential. In comparison to traditional techniques, lateral flow tests for the identification of food-borne pathogens are more modern, straightforward, and quick. This review examines the use of lateral flow biosensors for the detection of various food contaminants and the labels used to improve the effectiveness of the system. Since LFAs may be carried out by non-specialists, they are well-suited for on-site testing in a variety of food production and distribution environments. 

Lateral flow assays for food analyses: Food contaminants, allergens, toxins, and beyond

The titer of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in the human body is an essential reference for evaluating the acquired protective immunity and resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, a fluorescence-quenching lateral flow immunoassay (FQ-LFIA) is established for quantitative detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 NAbs in the sera of individuals who are vaccinated or infected within 10 min. The ultrabright aggregation-induced emission properties encapsulated in nanoparticles, AIE490 NP, are applied in the established FQ-LFIA with gold nanoparticles to achieve a fluorescence "turn-on" competitive immunoassay. Under optimized conditions, the FQ-LFIA quantitatively detected 103 positive and 50 negative human serum samples with a limit of detection (LoD) of 1.29 IU mL-1 . A strong correlation is present with the conventional pseudovirus-based virus neutralization test (R2  = 0.9796, P < 0.0001). In contrast, the traditional LFIA with a "turn-off" mode can only achieve a LoD of 11.06 IU mL-1 . The FQ-LFIA showed excellent sensitivity to anti-SARS-CoV-2 NAbs. The intra- and inter-assay precisions of the established method are below 15%. The established FQ-LFIA has promising potential as a rapid and quantitative method for detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 NAbs. FQ-LFIA can also be used to detect various biomarkers.

Fluorescence-Quenching Lateral Flow Immunoassay for "Turn-On" and Sensitive Detection of Anti-SARS-Cov-2 Neutralizing Antibodies in Human Serum.

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a key marker for a prostate cancer diagnosis. The low sensitivity of traditional lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) methods makes them unsuitable for point-of-care testing. Herein, we designed a nanozyme by in situ growth of Prussian blue (PB) within the pores of dendritic mesoporous silica (DMSN). The PB was forcibly dispersed into the pores of DMSN, leading to an increase in exposed active sites. Consequently, the atom utilization is enhanced, resulting in superior peroxidase (POD)-like activity compared to that of cubic PB. Antibody-modified DMSN@PB nanozymes serve as immunological probes in an enzymatic-enhanced colorimetric and photothermal dual-signal LFIA for PSA detection. After systematic optimization, the LFIA based on DMSN@PB successfully achieves a 4-fold amplification of the colorimetric signal within 7 min through catalytic oxidation of the chromogenic substrate by POD-like activity. Moreover, DMSN@PB exhibits an excellent photothermal conversion ability under 808 nm laser irradiation. Accordingly, photothermal signals are introduced to improve the anti-interference ability and sensitivity of LFIA, exhibiting a wide linear range (1-40 ng mL-1) and a low PSA detection limit (0.202 ng mL-1), which satisfies the early detection level of prostate cancer. This research provides a more accurate and reliable visualization analysis methodology for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Colorimetric and Photothermal Dual-Modal Switching Lateral Flow Immunoassay Based on a Forced Dispersion Prussian Blue Nanocomposite for the Sensitive Detection of Prostate-Specific Antigen.

Innovative Strategies and Approaches for Enhancing Performance in Optical Probe-based Biosensors for Point-of-Care Testing

Lateral flow immunoassays for antigens, antibodies and haptens detection

Simple Summary Newcastle disease (ND) is an Office International Des Epizooties (OIE) notifiable terrestrial and aquatic animal disease that can infect chickens of all ages with a high mortality rate, causing ongoing damage to the poultry industry in China currently. In this study, we have developed a blocking lateral flow assay (bLFA) strip for the rapid detection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antibodies, using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against hemagglutinin-neuraminidase. The results showed that the chicken NDV hyperimmunized serum had a complete blocking titer of 11 log 2, and half-blocking titer of 13 log 2, which are 4 times less than and the same as that of the Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test (13 log 2), and 8 and 2 times less than that of the virus neutralization test (14 log 2), respectively. Additionally, the bLFA strip has no cross-reactivity with positive serum of other avian pathogens. A total of 510 clinical samples were tested for NDV antibodies. The coincidence rate between the results of the bLFA strip and HI test was 97.65%. Therefore, it is an ideal alternative method for assessing the clinical immunity of ND vaccines in the field in real-time. Abstract Newcastle disease (ND) is an acute septicemic infectious disease caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Considering that vaccination is currently the main modality for the prevention of ND, it is essential to assess the effectiveness of clinical immunization. In this study, we have developed a blocking lateral flow assay (bLFA) strip for the rapid detection of NDV antibodies using the monoclonal antibody 9C1 against haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN), which allows for the determination of an NDV-specific antibody titer within 10 min at room temperature. In addition, the bLFA strip has no cross-reactivity with the positive serum of other avian pathogens including avian influenza subtypes H5, H7, and H9, MD, IBD, IB, EDS, and avian adenovirus. The ability of the bLFA strip for detecting a neutralizing antibody was also estimated. The results showed that the chicken NDV hyperimmunized serum had a complete blocking (100%) titer of 11 log 2, and half-blocking titer of 13 log 2, which are 4 times less than and the same as that of the HI test (13 log 2), and 8 and 2 times less than that of the VN test (14 log 2), respectively. A total of 510 clinical samples were tested for NDV antibodies. The coincidence rate between the results of the bLFA strip and HI test was 97.65%. Therefore, it is an ideal alternative method for assessing the clinical immunity of ND vaccines in the field in real-time.

/pdf/development-and-evaluation-of-a-blocking-lateral-flow-assay-2h4vz7iu.pdf

Development and Evaluation of a Blocking Lateral Flow Assay Strip for Detection of Newcastle Disease Virus Antibodies

Corrigendum to "Lateral flow immunoassays for antigens, antibodies and haptens detection" [Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 242 (2023) 125186].

Corrigendum to "Reasonable permutation of M2e enhances the effect of universal influenza nanovaccine" [Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 173 (2021) 244-250].

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Lateral flow immunoassays for antigens, antibodies and haptens detection

Development and Evaluation of a Blocking Lateral Flow Assay Strip for Detection of Newcastle Disease Virus Antibodies

Corrigendum to "Lateral flow immunoassays for antigens, antibodies and haptens detection" [Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 242 (2023) 125186].

Corrigendum to "Reasonable permutation of M2e enhances the effect of universal influenza nanovaccine" [Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 173 (2021) 244-250].