https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3448&context=usdaarsfacpub

Comparison of Sheep, Goats, and Calves as Infection Models for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

Background
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in wildlife species poses a threat to domestic livestock in many situations. Control programs for bTB in livestock depend on testing and slaughtering the positive animals; however, the currently available diagnostic tests often have poor specificity. In our previous study, we developed a specific and sensitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for another mycobacterial disease – Johne’s disease, using surface antigens of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) extracted by briefly agitating the bacilli in 80% ethanol solution. The ELISA test was named ethanol vortex ELISA (EVELISA). The objective of this study is to examine whether EVELISA technique could be used to specifically detect anti-Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) antibodies in the serum of M. bovis-infected farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus). We tested a total of 45 red deer serum samples, divided in 3 groups – uninfected animals (n = 15), experimentally infected with M. bovis (n = 15) and experimentally infected with MAP (n = 15).

/pdf/use-of-ethanol-extract-of-mycobacterium-bovis-for-detection-28cmdcww77.pdf

Use of ethanol extract of Mycobacterium bovis for detection of specific antibodies in sera of farmed red deer ( Cervus elaphus ) with bovine tuberculosis

..........................................................................................................................ii Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... iii Table of

Gene expression profiling of mesenteric lymph nodes in red deer (Cervus elaphus) resilient or susceptible to Johne's disease

This report describes a mixed Mycobacterium avium subspecies avium and M avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in a free-ranging red deer (Cervus elaphus). The gross presentation was consistent with clinical paratuberculosis as previously reported in red deer and for other ruminants, with poor body condition, diarrhoea and mesenteric lymphadenitis. However, this animal presented unusual lung lesions, with necrosis and calcification similar to those reported for Mycobacterium bovis infection in wild and domestic ruminants. A mixed M avium subspecies avium and M avium subspecies paratuberculosis was shown by quantitative PCR (qPCR) performed on digestive tract samples. In addition, M avium subspecies avium was also detected in the respiratory tract (lungs and bronchial lymph nodes) by qPCR. These results were confirmed by classical bacteriology. Lesions induced by those mycobacteria cannot be differentiated from M bovis lesions. This point is particularly important with regards to increasing interactions between livestock and wild animals.

/pdf/mixed-mycobacterium-avium-subspecies-avium-and-m-avium-4sqoivxf23.pdf

Mixed Mycobacterium avium subspecies avium and M avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in a wild red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Belgium

SOLiD SAGE sequencing shows differential gene expression in jejunal lymph node samples of resistant and susceptible red deer (Cervus elaphus) challenged with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

Paratuberculosis progresses more quickly in young red deer than in sheep or cattle. This study describes the clinical, immunological and pathological changes over a 50-week period in fourteen 4-month-old red deer that received heavy oral challenge with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). At 4 and 12 weeks post challenge they were anaesthetized and a section of jejunal lymph node was surgically removed for culture, histopathology, and genetic studies. All 14 deer became infected, none were clinically affected, and they had varying degrees of subclinical disease when killed at week 50. Week 4 biopsies showed no paratuberculosis lesions, but MAP was cultured from all animals. At weeks 12 and 50 histopathological lesions ranged from mild to severe with corresponding low-to-high antibody titres, which peaked at 12–24 weeks. IFN-γ responses peaked at 8–15 weeks and were higher in mildly affected animals than in those with severe lesions.

/pdf/longitudinal-pathogenesis-study-of-young-red-deer-cervus-3ae3upu3c5.pdf

Longitudinal Pathogenesis Study of Young Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) after Experimental Challenge with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP).

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Longitudinal Pathogenesis Study of Young Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) after Experimental Challenge with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP).