Effects of intramuscular collagen and elastin on bovine muscle tenderness

Effect of oat's soluble fibre (β-glucan) as a fat replacer on physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory properties of low-fat beef patties.

Present state of knowledge on staphylococcal intoxication.

Reducing the fat content in ground beef without sacrificing quality: a review.

Muscle composition and fatty acid profile in lambs fattened in drylot or pasture.

Effect of Cooking on Cholesterol Content of Patties Containing Different Amounts of Beef, Textured Soy Protein and Fat

Salt (NaCl) was added to raw ground beef at levels of 0, 0.5, 1, 2 or 3% of the weight of the meat and defatted glandless cottonseed flour (GCF) was added at 0 or 3% levels. Patties were made with these mixes and stored for 3 or 6 days at 4°C or for 30 or 60 days at –20°C. Lipid oxidation (TBA values) in samples stored at 4° and –20°C and discoloration in samples stored at 4°C were determined. In samples made with salt only, TBA values within each storage period for each storage temperature increased with increasing salt levels up to 2%; increasing salt from 2 to 3% decreased TBA values. GCF markedly reduced TBA values at each salt level. Discoloration of samples stored at 4°C was also decreased by GCF.

Retardation by Glandless Cottonseed Flour of Lipid Oxidation and Discoloration in Raw Ground Beef Containing Salt

Quantitative isolation and partial characterization of elastin in bovine muscle tissue.

Since the standardization of the Ada programming language in 1989, much research has gone into the distribution of Ada programs across a number of separate processors. However, no standard for distribution of Ada 89 programs has emerged. A new language standard, known as Ada 95, includes explicit support for the distribution of Ada programs. This paper describes the techniques and a graphical tool which allow the distribution of Ada 85 programs, using a sub-set of the methodology developed for Ada 95, with extensions to allow coarse grain parallel programming. This work is also a precursor to an implementation of the Ada 95 Distributed Systems Annex being developed by the authors in cooperation with the NYU GNAT team and France Telecom University. >

Distributed and parallel execution in Ada 83

Ninety heifers sired by Charolais or Red Poll bulls were utilised in two trials involving ovariectomy, ovarian tissue transplants (autografts) andlor an anabolic implant. In trial 1, four treatments were imposed upon 60 heifers: (1) autograft, (2) autograft plus Synovex-H® implant, (3) vaginal ovariectomy plus implant, and (4) intact plus implant. Three replications of five heifers per treatment were fed a finishing diet until heifers weighed approximately 432 kg. Autografed-implanted heifers exhibited a greater average daily gain than non-implanted autografted heifers (P < 0.05). No treatment effects were detected for feed eficiency or dressing percentage. Carcasses from autografted heifers merited higher marbling scores and USDA quality grades than did those of ovariectomised-implanted heifers. Fat thickness tended to be greater for autografted heifers than for heifers in the implant treatment groups (P <0.l0). Non-implanted autografted heifers had smaller ribeye areas, more kidney, pelvic and heart fat, and higher numerical USDA yield grades. Shear force values and taste panel scores for meat favoured non-implanted autografted heifers. In trial 2, 30 heifers were autografted, ovariectomised via high lumbar laparotomy, or left as intact controls. Heifers in trial 2 were fed a finishing diet until heifers reached 1.2 ern average backfat thickness. Intact heifers tended to gain weight more rapidly than did ovariectomised heifers. Ovarian cell types were detected at the graft sites of only four of the 10 autografted heifers upon post-mortem histological examination. Very low levels of oestrogen were present in the fluid aspirated from three of the apparently successful grafts. However, growth rate was not superior for these three heifers.

Effects of autografting ovarian tissue, ovariectomy and implanting on growth rate and carcass characteristics of feedlot heifers†

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