Metal‐Based Nanomaterials in Biomedical Applications: Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxicity Aspects

The past decade has witnessed a phenomenal rise in nanotechnology research due to its broad range of applications in diverse fields including food safety, transportation, sustainable energy, environmental science, catalysis, and medicine. The distinctive properties of nanomaterials (nano-sized particles in the range of 1 to 100 nm) make them uniquely suitable for such wide range of functions. The nanoparticles when manufactured using green synthesis methods are especially desirable being devoid of harsh operating conditions (high temperature and pressure), hazardous chemicals, or addition of external stabilizing or capping agents. Numerous plants and microorganisms are being experimented upon for an eco–friendly, cost–effective, and biologically safe process optimization. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the green synthesis of metallic NPs using plants and microorganisms, factors affecting the synthesis, and characterization of synthesized NPs. The potential applications of metal NPs in various sectors have also been highlighted along with the major challenges involved with respect to toxicity and translational research.

Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles: Applications and Limitations

Carrageenan Based Hydrogels for Drug Delivery, Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing

This review discusses the latest advances in the composition of gelatin-based edible films and coatings, including nanoparticle addition, and their properties are reviewed along their potential for application in the food packaging industry. Gelatin is an important biopolymer derived from collagen and is extensively used by various industries because of its technological and functional properties. Nowadays, a very wide range of components are available to be included as additives to improve its properties, as well as its applications and future potential. Antimicrobials, antioxidants and other agents are detailed due to the fact that an increasing awareness among consumers regarding healthy lifestyle has promoted research into novel techniques and additives to prolong the shelf life of food products. Thanks to its ability to improve global food quality, gelatin has been particularly considered in food preservation of meat and fish products, among others.

/pdf/gelatin-based-films-and-coatings-for-food-packaging-38ppdyrou9.pdf

Gelatin-Based Films and Coatings for Food Packaging Applications

Waste from non-degradable plastics is becoming an increasingly serious problem. Therefore, more and more research focuses on the development of materials with biodegradable properties. Bio-polymers are excellent raw materials for the production of such materials. Bio-based biopolymer films reinforced with nanostructures have become an interesting area of research. Nanocomposite films are a group of materials that mainly consist of bio-based natural (e.g., chitosan, starch) and synthetic (e.g., poly(lactic acid)) polymers and nanofillers (clay, organic, inorganic, or carbon nanostructures), with different properties. The interaction between environmentally friendly biopolymers and nanofillers leads to the improved functionality of nanocomposite materials. Depending on the properties of nanofillers, new or improved properties of nanocomposites can be obtained such as: barrier properties, improved mechanical strength, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties or thermal stability. This review compiles information about biopolymers used as the matrix for the films with nanofillers as the active agents. Particular emphasis has been placed on the influence of nanofillers on functional properties of biopolymer films and their possible use within the food industry and food packaging systems. The possible applications of those nanocomposite films within other industries (medicine, drug and chemical industry, tissue engineering) is also briefly summarized.

The Effect of Nanofillers on the Functional Properties of Biopolymer-based Films: A Review.

Preparation, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of gelatin/ZnO nanocomposite films

Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) films were prepared using 4 different preparation methods and the effects of the processing method on physical, mechanical, and structural properties of PBAT films were studied. Films were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, and thermogravimetric analysis. All films were white in color and exhibited high UV-barrier properties. Films prepared using solvent casting (SC) were less transparent than other films. No structural changed were observed among PBAT films but films prepared at high temperatures exhibited a higher degree of crystallinity. Extrusion-cast (EC) films exhibited highest tensile strength values, while solvent-cast (SC) films had the lowest TS values. The water vapor permeability and water contact angle were not affected by the processing method. The degree of crystallinity of EC films was higher than for other films.

Effects of preparation method on properties of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) films

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Preparation, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of gelatin/ZnO nanocomposite films

Effects of preparation method on properties of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) films