The available soil water capacity (ASWC) is important for studying crop production, agro-ecological zoning, irrigation planning, and land cover changes. Laboratory determined data of ASWC are often not available for most of soil profiles and the nationwide ASWC largely remains lacking in relevant soil data in China. This work was to estimate ASWC based on physical and chemical properties and analyze the spatial distribution of ASWC in China. The pedo-transfer functions (PTFs), derived from 220 survey data of ASWC, and the empirical data of ASWC based on soil texture were applied to quantify the ASWC. GIS technology was used to develop a spatial file of ASWC in China and the spatial distribution of ASWC was also analyzed. The results showed the value of ASWC ranges from 15×10^-2 cm^3·cm^-3 to 22×10^-2 cm^3·cm^-3 for most soil types, and few soil types are lower than 15×10^-2 cm^3·cm^-3 or higher than 22×10^-2 cm^3·cm^-3, The ASWC is different according to the complex soil types and their distribution, It is higher in the east than that in the west, and the values reduce from south to north except the northeastern part of China. The “high” values of ASWC appear in southeast, northeastern mountain regions and Northeast China Plain. The relatively “high” values of ASWC appear in Sichuan basin, Huang-Huai-Hai plain and the east of Inner Mongolia. The relatively “low” values are distributed in the west and the Loess Plateau of China. The “very low” value regions are the northern Tibetan Plateau and the desertified areas in northern China. In some regions, the ASWC changes according to the complex topography and different types of soils. Though there remains precision limitation, the spatial data of ASWC derived from this study are improved on current data files of soil water retention properties for Chinese soils. This study presents basic data and analysis methods for estimation and evaluation of ASWC in China.

Distribution of available soil water capacity in China

Boundary delineation and grading functional zoning of Sanjiangyuan National Park based on biodiversity importance evaluations.

Trade-off among grain production, animal husbandry production, and habitat quality based on future scenario simulations in Xilinhot

Abstract Based on the data of meteorological, soil, and land use/land cover (LULC), the InVEST model was used to evaluate the water yield service in the middle and upper Ganjiang River region, which is an important ecological function area in the hilly region of South China. This study discusses the value of parameter Z, the impact of climate and LULC change on water yield service, and complements related studies in the monsoon hilly watershed in South China with obvious precipitation change, which is helpful to understand the ecosystem water service functions in this region. The results show that the water yield was closest to the statistical data of total water resources when the parameter Z value of 1.555. The overall distribution of water yield in the MU-GJR was high in the northeast (middle reaches) and low in the southwest (upper reaches), with minimum of 111.8–315.2 mm/a and maximum of 1679.1–2128.4 mm/a from 1980 to 2018. The northeast was a high importance region where high water yield values were clustered, and the southwest was a low importance region where low water yield values were clustered. Water yield was highest in living space and lowest in ecological space. The relationship between land development and water yield service should be coordinated. Climate change had a more significant impact on water yield service than land use change. The results of this study are consistent with the actual situation and help to investigate and identify important areas of water resources in the monsoonal humid zone.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19475705.2022.2104174?needAccess=true

Water yield service influence by climate and land use change based on InVEST model in the monsoon hilly watershed in South China

Climate variability and human activities cause changes in precipitation and underlying surface conditions, which are the main driving forces of changes in water erosion, especially in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). In this paper, the water erosion on the QTP from 1982 to 2015 was quantified by the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), and the response of water erosion changes to climate variability and human activities was investigated. The results indicated that the distribution of water erosion gradually decreased from south to north during 1982–2015. Areas of severe erosion were mainly distributed along the Yarlung Tsangpo River and in the western Hengduan Mountains. The years of the abrupt change in water erosion were 1989 and 2006. Compared to 1982–1989, the amount of water erosion was mitigated in both 1990–2006 and 2007–2015, with a 19.5% and 6.2% decrease, respectively. The contribution of human activities to the decrease in water erosion was 25.4% and 16.7% for each of these periods, respectively, and the contribution of climate variability to the increase in water erosion was 5.9% and 10.5%. However, water erosion increased by 16.5% from 2007 to 2015 compared to 1990–2006. The contribution of climate variability was 4.9% and the contribution of human activities 8.4%. The increase in water erosion due to human activities may be attributed to the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and associated human activities. It is therefore important to draw attention to the influence of human activities on the QTP on erosion, to prevent potential future risks. This study is the first attempt to research the relative contributions of variation in climate and human activities to changes in water erosion on the QTP. It would be beneficial for carrying out ecological environmental protection work on the QTP. 

Water erosion changes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its response to climate variability and human activities during 1982–2015

Exploring the water yield and soil conservation in the Three-River-Source region is of great significance for evaluating both the ecological stability of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Yellow River basin, Yangtze River basin and Lancang River basin and the sustainable development of human society. The data sources for this study were land use/cover data from four phases (2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015), daily precipitation and temperature datasets, and the 1:1000000 Chinese soil database. These data were combined with vector data, such as data on settlements, roads, and rivers, along with population, economic raster datasets and CCSM4 common climate model prediction results. The Three-River-Source region was taken as the study area, and four land use/cover development scenarios and two climate change scenarios were designed based on the FLUS model and the downscaling correction method. The InVEST model was used to quantitatively simulate the water yield and soil erosion under different scenarios in the study area in 2030. The results showed the following: (1) Under different land use/cover development scenarios, grassland remained the dominant land use/cover type in the Three-River-Source region, and the area ratio was always greater than 67%. (2) Under the RCP4.5 climate scenario, the annual water yield and soil erosion increased by more than 7% and 3.9%, respectively. Under the RCP8.5 climate scenario, the annual water yield and soil erosion decreased by more than 3.3% and 1.3%, respectively. (3) Climate change played a leading role in the changes in water yield and soil erosion. Climate change contributed as much as 89.97%–98.00% to the change in water yield and 60.49%–95.64% to the change in the soil erosion modulus. However, the contribution of land use/cover changes to the change in regional water yield was only 2.00%–10.03%, and the contribution of the soil erosion modulus change was 4.36%–39.91%. Therefore, the land use development strategy in the Three-River-Source region should comprehensively consider issues such as regional development, the input of returning farmland to forest and grassland, and the resulting ecological benefits.

Evaluation of Water Yield and Soil Erosion in the Three-River-Source Region under Different Land-Climate Scenarios

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Evaluation of Water Yield and Soil Erosion in the Three-River-Source Region under Different Land-Climate Scenarios