to be done in this area. Face recognition is a problem that scarcely clamoured for attention before the computer age but, having surfaced, has involved a wide range of techniques and has attracted the attention of some fine minds (David Mumford was a Fields Medallist in 1974). This singular application of mathematical modelling to a messy applied problem of obvious utility and importance but with no unique solution is a pretty one to share with students: perhaps, returning to the source of our opening quotation, we may invert Duncan's earlier observation, 'There is an art to find the mind's construction in the face!'.

Linear and nonlinear waves, by G. B. Whitham. Pp.636. £50. 1999. ISBN 0 471 35942 4 (Wiley).

1: Magnetic Particles: Preparation, Properties and Applications: M. Ozaki. 2: Maghemite (gamma-Fe2O3): A Versatile Magnetic Colloidal Material C.J. Serna, M.P. Morales. 3: Dynamics of Adsorption and Oxidation of Organic Molecules on Illuminated Titanium Dioxide Particles Immersed in Water M.A. Blesa, R.J. Candal, S.A. Bilmes. 4: Colloidal Aggregation in Two-Dimensions A. Moncho-Jorda, F. Martinez-Lopez, M.A. Cabrerizo-Vilchez, R. Hidalgo Alvarez, M. Quesada-PMerez. 5: Kinetics of Particle and Protein Adsorption Z. Adamczyk.

Surface and Colloid Science

THE appearance of a treatise in English upon the mathematical theory of elasticity is an event the potential importance of which may be judged by the that the author, in his frequent suggestions for collateral reading, refers to only three such, those of Southwell, Timoshenko, and Love. In spirit and content Sokolnikoff}s book differs greatly from each and all of these. It may be described by a possible sub-title: “A pure mathematician surveys topics related to certain problems in the mathematical theory of elasticity”. It is symptomatic of the change in outlook of American mathematics over the past few decades. Mathematical Theory Of Elasticity Prof. I. S. Sokolnikoff with the collaboration of Asst. Prof. R. D. Speche. Pp. xi + 373. (New York and London: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1946.) 22s. 6d.

Mathematical Theory Of Elasticity

The aims of this paper are threefold: to increase the level of awareness within the shock-capturing community of the fact that many Godunov-type methods contain subtle flaws that can cause spurious solutions to be computed; to identify one mechanism that might thwart attempts to produce very-high-resolution simulations; and to proffer a simple strategy for overcoming the specific failings of individual Riemann solvers.

/pdf/a-contribution-to-the-great-riemann-solver-debate-54n7nbyg4g.pdf

A Contribution to the Great Riemann Solver Debate

Rayleigh–Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov instability induced flow, turbulence, and mixing. II

Shock-wave reflection over concave surfaces poses a difficulty in its analysis due to the unsteady nature of the reflection process and the occurrence of various types of Mach reflections caused by it. In a pseudo-steady flow, the reflection's configuration is self-similar since the shock wave reflects over a surface with constant inclination. The unsteady Mach reflection introduces an additional complexity as it is affected by the changing inclination of the surface, forcing the reflection to continuously adjust itself to the varying boundary condition. In this study, validated simulations of Mach reflection (MR) over cylindrical concave surfaces with different radii were performed for three inviscid perfect gases with moderate incident shock Mach numbers (Ms) ranging from 1.3 to 1.5. The reflection was investigated up to the point of transition from MR to transitioned regular reflection. A similar behaviour of the configuration and evolution of the Mach stem was observed, one that is independent of the surface radius and type of gas. With regards to different gases, the speed of sound a0 is a dominant factor since it dictates the propagation of wall disturbances. A universal condition of the rate of surface change was found, accounting for different radii, different gases and Ms variation. Analysis based on shock dynamics is employed to explain how disturbances caused by surface variations play a significant role in the behaviour of the reflection. This method successfully supports the similarity that was demonstrated and facilitates a more informed perception of the MR process.

Similarity in Mach stem evolution and termination in unsteady shock-wave reflection

A simplified analytical model for solving the wave configuration resulting when two triple points join together over a concave double wedge is developed. The model equations are solved analytically. Predictions of the model are compared to experimental results and fairly good agreement is obtained. It is believed that the present model can be used to better understand complex wave interaction phenomena.

Interaction of two Mach reflections over concave double wedges-analytical model

VOLUME 1: Theoretical, Experimental and Numerical Techniques History of Shock Waves General Laws for Propagation of Shock Waves Through Matter Theory of Shock Waves Shock Tubes and Tunnels: Facilities, Instrumentation Techniques Measurement Techniques and Diagnostics Numerical Methods VOLUME 2: Shock Wave Interactions and Propagation One-Dimensional Interactions Two-Dimensional Interactions Axi-Symmetric Shock Wave Reflections The Propagation of Shock Waves in Channels Application of Shock Waves in Medicine Spherical Shock Waves Shock Induced Instabilities of Interfaces Shock Wave Propagation in Multi-Phase Media VOLUME 3: Chemical Reactions in Shock Waves and Detonations Chemical and Combustion Kinetics Combustion, Detonation and Deflagration

Chemical reactions in shock waves and detonations

While a CFD simulation of the flow in overexpanded planar nozzles shows, inside an ideal nozzle, the existence of a hysteresis process in the transition from regular to Mach and from Mach to regular reflections such a process does not appear in tapered nozzles. Previous simulations have dealt only with the flow outside the nozzle and thus concluded that the hysteresis phenomenon takes place outside the nozzle even when viscous effects were introduced. When including the geometry of the nozzle in the simulation it becomes evident that flow separation will occur before transition from regular to Mach reflection for all relevant flow Mach numbers. The simulation reveals complex changes in the flow structure as the ratio between the ambient and the stagnation pressures is increased and decreased. The pressure along the nozzle wall downstream of the separation point was found to be less than the ambient pressure with the effect being more pronounced in the case of the ideal nozzle. The present study complements a previous study that dealt only with flow separation in an ideal nozzle.

Viscous simulation of shock reflection hysteresis in ideal and tapered overexpanded planar nozzles

Analytical solution for penetration by rigid conical impactors using cavity expansion models

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