This study uses responses from 107 multinational firms to reveal CEO perceptions of the drivers of strategic flexibility during business model innovation. While the positive effect of creative culture is confirmed, partner reliance reduces strategic flexibility during business model innovation. Further, structural change is disaggregated into efforts that either focus managerial attention on core activities or reconfigure existing activities. CEOs perceive that structural flexibility requires structural simplification while retaining control of non-core functions. We find that the relative magnitude of business model innovation effort moderates the effect of reconfiguration on strategic flexibility. The implications for theories of organizational design and dynamic capabilities are discussed.

The Effects of Culture and Structure on Strategic Flexibility During Business Model Innovation

Ferroelectric materials are currently some of the most widely applied material systems and are constantly generating improved functions with higher efficiencies. Advancements in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)–based polymer ferroelectrics provide flexural, coupling-efficient, and multifunctional material platforms for applications that demand portable, lightweight, wearable, and durable features. We highlight the recent advances in fluoropolymer ferroelectrics, their energetic cross-coupling effects, and emerging technologies, including wearable, highly efficient electromechanical actuators and sensors, electrocaloric refrigeration, and dielectric devices. These developments reveal that the molecular and nanostructure manipulations of the polarization-field interactions, through facile defect biasing, could introduce enhancements in the physical effects that would enable the realization of multisensory and multifunctional wearables for the emerging immersive virtual world and smart systems for a sustainable future. Description Editor’s summary Certain fluoropolymers have ferroelectric properties and attractive mechanical properties for a wide range of applications. Qian et al. review the history of these polymers and discuss recent progress, focusing on their potential use in electromechanical, electrocaloric, and dielectric applications. Fluoropolymers are relatively flexible, making these materials attractive for a wide range of applications, including wearable devices. Many challenges remain for improving the properties of these materials for commercial applications. —Brent Grocholski A review explains that polymer ferroelectrics are attractive materials for electromechanical, electrocaloric, and dielectric applications. BACKGROUND Polymeric ferroelectrics are distinguished by their high pliability, easy fabrication into complicated shapes, mechanical robustness, and polar active nature. Ferroelectricity in polymers was discovered around the 1970s in poly(vinylidene fluoride), which has served as a platform for efficient cross-coupling between electrical, mechanical, and thermal energies. Such ferroelectric soft materials and their polar active derivatives undergo a change in electrical polarization in response to general forces (mechanical stresses or temperature changes) and vice versa, enabling a series of physical effects, including piezoelectric and electrostriction, electrocaloric and pyroelectric, and a variety of dielectric and ferroelectric effects. These multifunctional polymeric materials are suitable for many different applications in portable, miniaturized, and wearable electroactive devices applied at human–machine interfaces because of their easy processability into thin, light, tough, and pliable films and fibers. ADVANCES Polymer ferroelectrics have exhibited marked improvements in electromechanical coupling efficiency, electrostrictive strain, electrocaloric heat-pumping capability, and lifetime, which have substantially boosted the development of practical applications based on these polar soft materials owing to the facile application of defects in tuning and controlling the polarization processes at the monomeric, macromolecular, and morphological structure levels. For the first time, the piezoelectric and electromechanical coupling factors of fluorinated alkyne (FA)–modified relaxor ferroelectric tetrapolymers have surpassed those of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoceramics, the presently most widely used piezoceramics in the world. Coupled with the progressive 4% electrostrictive strain under a low electrical field of 50 MV/m, this advancement represents a step forward in developing efficient wearable sensory and haptic devices and soft robots. Additionally, advances in ferroelectric-based electrocaloric polymers have led to large electrocaloric cooling of >7.5 K under ultralow electric fields without fatigue. These ferroelectric polymers can offer customized, energy-efficient solutions to curb the CO2 emissions of current commercial heat pumps, air conditioners (ACs), and refrigerators, which are responsible for 60% of building emissions. In addition, the most recently reported electroactive fabrics demonstrate versatile strategies for integrating these polymer ferroelectrics at human–machine interfaces in this envisioned low-carbon society. OUTLOOK Understanding and then tailor-making the structures and polarization responses of polymeric ferroelectrics to obtain respective functionalities are critical for the development of these polymeric systems. Given their rich underlying chemistry, FA-modified relaxor ferroelectric polymers are likely still in their infancy. Defect modifications on the molecular scale provide a plethora of methods to manipulate the polar structures and field-induced phase transitions on demand. Considering the vast pool of monomers and nanoscale extrinsic inclusions that can be selected, defect modification in polymer ferroelectrics remains largely unexplored and holds great possibility for contributing to green, smart, and meta lifestyles. Further identifying and understanding the various polarization mechanisms and processes for each functionality at multiple scales will be accomplished by utilizing the current advanced, in situ characterization and simulation tools at our disposal. For different cross-couplings and correlated applications, materials should be fine-tuned to exhibit their respective collection of optimized properties. Several mutual challenges should be addressed, including realizing low-field operation, a long lifetime, viable strategies for integration and mass production, and so on. Considering the commercially available processes for polymeric films, multilayer capacitors, fibers, and fabrics, these flexible ferroelectrics are expected to play a key role in haptic, sensory, and robotic applications in the metaverse, serve as a solid-state refrigerant for flat-panel and/or wearable ACs, and provide a broad range of localized, bodily sensations and tactile effects currently unavailable on the market. Multiphysical cross-couplings and enabled applications offered by polymeric ferroelectrics. Advances in ferroelectric polymers—from homopolymers to tetrapolymers—have promoted applications that harness the power of efficient electromechanical, electrothermal, and a variety of dielectric interactions. The synergy of these physical effects has stimulated the fast development of flexural active systems, wearable refrigeration, flexible memories, and high-efficiency and compact energy storage over the past four decades. VDF, vinylidene fluoride; TrFE, trifluoroethylene; CFE, chlorofluoroethylene.

Fluoropolymer ferroelectrics: Multifunctional platform for polar-structured energy conversion

Influence of Self-Perceived Creativity and Social Media Use in Predicting E-Entrepreneurial Intention

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based polymers demonstrate great potential for applications in flexible and wearable electronics but show low piezoelectric coefficients (e.g., −d33 < 30 pC N−1). The effective improvement for the piezoelectricity of PVDF is achieved by manipulating its semicrystalline structures. However, there is still a debate about which component is the primary contributor to piezoelectricity. Therefore, current methods to improve the piezoelectricity of PVDF can be classified into modulations of the amorphous phase, the crystalline region, and the crystalline–amorphous interface. Here, the basic principles and measurements of piezoelectric coefficients for soft polymers are first discussed. Then, three different categories of structural modulations are reviewed. In each category, the physical understanding and strategies to improve the piezoelectric performance of PVDF are discussed. In particular, the crucial role of the oriented amorphous fraction at the crystalline–amorphous interface in determining the piezoelectricity of PVDF is emphasized. At last, the future development of high performance piezoelectric polymers is outlooked. 

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/adfm.202301302

Recent Progress on Structure Manipulation of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)‐Based Ferroelectric Polymers for Enhanced Piezoelectricity and Applications

Polymer-based film capacitors have attracted increasing attention due to the rapid development of new energy vehicles, high-voltage transmission, electromagnetic catapults, and household electrical appliances. In recent years, all-organic polymers, polymer nanocomposites, and multilayer films have proposed to address the inverse relationship between dielectric constant and electric breakdown strength, reduce the polarization loss and high-temperature conduction loss of polymer dielectric films. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of polymer dielectric films and capacitors in recent years. We compare and summarize the pros and cons of film fabrication and electric energy storage testing methods, and the representative advanced techniques recently used for refined structure characterization are also introduced. The modification methods used to improve room-temperature energy storage performance of polymer films are detailedly reviewed in categories. Additionally, this review studies the high-temperature energy storage of polymer films from three perspectives: molecular modification, doping engineering and multilayer design. To bridge the gap between fundamental research in the lab and the requirements of capacitor industry, the manufacturing, performance evaluation index, monitoring conditions of film capacitors are systematically analyzed, which is very significant to develop high-performance polymer dielectric films. Finally, the challenges and future developments are proposed at the end of this review. 

Recent Progress in Polymer Dielectric Energy Storage: From Film Fabrication and Modification to Capacitor Performance and Application

Recent advances of luminescent sensors for iron and copper: Platforms, mechanisms, and bio-applications

Promoting business model innovation through social media strategic capability: A moderated mediation model

Enhancing breakdown strength and lifetime of multilayer dielectric films by using high temperature polycarbonate skin layers

Breast lesion detection in ultrasound is critical for breast cancer diagnosis. Existing methods mainly rely on individual 2D ultrasound images or combine unlabeled video and labeled 2D images to train models for breast lesion detection. In this paper, we first collect and annotate an ultrasound video dataset (188 videos) for breast lesion detection. Moreover, we propose a clip-level and video-level feature aggregated network (CVA-Net) for addressing breast lesion detection in ultrasound videos by aggregating video-level lesion classification features and clip-level temporal features. The clip-level temporal features encode local temporal information of ordered video frames and global temporal information of shuffled video frames. In our CVA-Net, an inter-video fusion module is devised to fuse local features from original video frames and global features from shuffled video frames, and an intra-video fusion module is devised to learn the temporal information among adjacent video frames. Moreover, we learn video-level features to classify the breast lesions of the original video as benign or malignant lesions to further enhance the final breast lesion detection performance in ultrasound videos. Experimental results on our annotated dataset demonstrate that our CVA-Net clearly outperforms state-of-the-art methods. The corresponding code and dataset are publicly available at https://github.com/jhl-Det/CVA-Net . 

/pdf/a-new-dataset-and-a-baseline-model-for-breast-lesion-qxn5z73b.pdf

A New Dataset and a Baseline Model for Breast Lesion Detection in Ultrasound Videos

Emissions of air pollutants and their precursors in urban air closely relate to urbanization involving economic development, population growth, and industrialization. Here we use formaldehyde (HCHO) columns from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), night-time light (NTL) radiance from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite, and population density data as respective proxies to explore how anthropogenic non-methane volatile organic compound (NMVOC) emissions evolve with urbanization in Asia. HCHO columns correlate moderately to highly (0.64 ≤ r ≤ 0.99) with the NTL radiance within most major Asian countries. On both national (across Asia) and provincial scales (within China), HCHO columns increase monotonically with NTL radiance or population density with a log-linear pattern, implying anthropogenic NMVOC emissions in Asia may similarly respond to urbanization with no apparent turnover yet. Our study confirms TROPOMI HCHO columns as a proxy of anthropogenic NMVOC emissions. 

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2022GL099470

Response of Anthropogenic Volatile Organic Compound Emissions to Urbanization in Asia Probed With TROPOMI and VIIRS Satellite Observations

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