The parameters of self-consistent dusty sheaths are investigated using computer simulations of the temporal evolution of one-dimensional slab plasma with two-temperature electrons and dust particles. The evolution is caused by collection of electrons and ions by an electrode (wall) and also by dust particles, which are initially injected into the plasma around the electrode (wall). A peculiarity of the sheaths is a nonmonotonic spatial distribution of the electric potential that causes protection of the electrode (wall) from fast ions. The degree of protection depends on the temperature and density ratios of both electron components.

Self-consistent dusty sheaths in plasmas with two-temperature electrons

The spatial and temporal evolution of a sheath surrounding a planar electrode whose potential is suddenly decreased in a quasineutral plasma consisting of positive ions, negative ions, and electrons is numerically investigated. The model predicts several features observed in recent laboratory experiments directed toward the excitation and subsequent propagation of solitons in such a plasma.

Sheath evolution in a negative ion plasma

We simulate in two dimensions the expansion of a plasma between biased plane parallel electrodes using the particle‐in‐cell method. Such a plasma is frequently created in many experiments by the interaction of a pulsed laser with atomic vapor or gas stream. We describe the motion of the electrons and ions and reproduce the experimentally observed bulk drift of the plasma toward the high potential electrode. This is explained in terms of the retrograde movement of the ion sheath boundary on one side of the plasma accompanied by ambipolar diffusion on the other. We estimate the reduced ion density in the plasma by observing oscillations in the space‐charge‐limited current. By calculating the plasma decay time constant and ambipolar diffusion coefficient, we note that computer simulation can generate data which is difficult to measure experimentally, and not possible to calculate analytically.

Two‐dimensional particle simulation of plasma expansion between plane parallel electrodes

[1] The electrostatic sheath formation surrounding an electric dipole antenna at very low frequencies (VLF) in a magnetoplasma is examined through numerical simulation. In this paper, a hydrodynamic approach is used to solve for the nonlinear sheath dynamics of antennas located in plasmas similar to that which exists in the plasmasphere between L = 2 and L = 3 in the geomagnetic equatorial plane. The plasma environment at this location is assumed to be fully ionized and collisionless consisting of electrons and protons. Poisson's equation is used to close the system, providing the quasi-electrostatic fields within the sheath region. Sheath characteristics are given as a function of antenna drive frequency and voltage with results that are compared with existing theory. Capacitance and resistance values are given to reflect the sheath's contribution to the input impedance of the antenna. Finally, the importance of ion motion and the nonlinear sheath effects on the current, charge collection and bias voltage for the transmitting antenna are shown. The primary assumptions underlying the closure mechanisms for the infinite set of fluid moments are examined through theoretical observations and simulated comparisons of the truncation schemes. This paper constitutes one of the first works on the subject of high-voltage transmitting dipole antenna in a space plasma using a three-dimensional nonlinear formulation.

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2008RS003843

Fluid simulation of the collisionless plasma sheath surrounding an electric dipole antenna in the inner magnetosphere

PULSE PROPAGATION ALONG CONDUCTORS IN LOW–DENSITY, COLD PLASMAS AS APPLIED TO ELECTRODYNAMIC TETHERS IN THE IONOSPHERE by Sven Gunnar Bilen Chairperson: Brian E Gilchrist This research characterizes the general propagation behavior of high–voltage elec- tromagnetic pulses along conductors in low–density, cold plasmas As a specific ap- plication, this characterization uses electrodynamic tethers in the ionosphere Elec- tromagnetic pulses are produced along the tether–plasma system as it transitions from open– to closed–circuited states and as it is driven by radio–frequency voltage sources These perturbations take a finite amount of time to propagate along the tether and, as they do so, they affect the surrounding ionospheric plasma This in- teraction in turn affects the tether’s transmission–line characteristics The dynamic evolution of the sheath is examined as the pulse front travels past a given section of tether and disturbs the local sheath Present tether transmission–line models assume, as a first–order approximation, that the plasma–sheathed tether can be modeled as a simple rigid coaxial transmis- sion line This has proven acceptable for tethers with low induced or driven voltages An improved model is needed, however, when steady–state plasma–sheath dynamics cannot be assumed, such as for longer deployed tether lengths, which have higher induced emf, or higher driven voltages A dynamic circuit model of the plasma–sheathed tether is developed with know- ledge gained from theoretical analyses, experimental results, and particle–in–cell computer simulations Using this dynamic–sheath model as their basis, lumped– element transmission–line parameters for capacitance and inductance per unit length are derived for the plasma–immersed tether where it was found that capacitance is a function of voltage but inductance is approximately constant These parameters are included with per–unit–length resistance and induced–emf elements to form the complete lumped–parameter model The tether circuit model is implemented in the SPICE circuit simulation program This implementation allows examination of the tether’s transmission–line characteristics as well as pulse propagation and mor- phology Previously developed models of satellite and Orbiter interactions with the plasma based on Tethered Satellite System mission data can be used with this circuit model as the endpoints of the complete electrodynamic–tether system

Pulse propagation along conductors in low-density, cold plasmas as applied to electrodynamic tethers in the ionosphere

Results are presented of particle simulations of the time‐dependent behavior of the plasma sheath surrounding an electrode whose potential is abruptly changed from 0 to some negative value. The surrounding plasma is assumed isotropic and collisionless, and the electrode is a sphere or infinite cylinder. Potential steps up to −1000kTe/e are considered. The time histories and frequency spectra of sheath and plasma oscillations initiated by the potential step are studied. The energy in sheath oscillations (frequency <ωp) escapes by nonlinear coupling to plasma oscillations (frequency ωp). The time scale for sheath–plasma coupling depends strongly on the ion‐to‐electron mass ratio. Both linear and nonlinear ion acoustic waves are excited by the response to the potential step. Near a small (radius 1λD) cylindrical electrode, trapped ions are shown to make an important contribution to the sheath ion density. The height of the transient peak in collected current for a cylindrical electrode displays strong depend...

Sheath dynamics of electrodes stepped to large negative potentials

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Sheath dynamics of electrodes stepped to large negative potentials