Author(s): Cao, S; Chen, Y; Coleman, J; Mulligan, J; Jacobs, PM; Soltz, RA; Angerami, A; Arora, R; Bass, SA; Cunqueiro, L; Dai, T; Du, L; Ehlers, R; Elfner, H; Everett, D; Fan, W; Fries, RJ; Gale, C; Garza, F; He, Y; Heffernan, M; Heinz, U; Jacak, BV; Jeon, S; Ke, W; Kim, B; Kordell, I; Kumar, A; Majumder, A; Mak, S; McNelis, M; Nattrass, C; Oliinychenko, D; Park, C; Paquet, JF; Putschke, JH; Roland, G; Silva, A; Schenke, B; Schwiebert, L; Shen, C; Sirimanna, C; Tachibana, Y; Vujanovic, G; Wang, XN; Wolpert, RL; Xu, Y | Abstract: We report a new determination of q, the jet transport coefficient of the quark-gluon plasma. We use the JETSCAPE framework, which incorporates a novel multistage theoretical approach to in-medium jet evolution and Bayesian inference for parameter extraction. The calculations, based on the Matter and Lbt jet quenching models, are compared to experimental measurements of inclusive hadron suppression in Au+Au collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and Pb+Pb collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The correlation of experimental systematic uncertainties is accounted for in the parameter extraction. The functional dependence of q on jet energy or virtuality and medium temperature is based on a perturbative picture of in-medium scattering, with components reflecting the different regimes of applicability of Matter and Lbt. In the multistage approach, the switch between Matter and Lbt is governed by a virtuality scale Q0. Comparison of the posterior model predictions to the RHIC and LHC hadron suppression data shows reasonable agreement, with moderate tension in limited regions of phase space. The distribution of q/T3 extracted from the posterior distributions exhibits weak dependence on jet momentum and medium temperature T, with 90% credible region (CR) depending on the specific choice of model configuration. The choice of Matter+Lbt, with switching at virtuality Q0, has 90% CR of 240 GeV/c. The value of Q0, determined here for the first time, is in the range 2.0-2.7 GeV.

/pdf/determining-the-jet-transport-coefficient-q-from-inclusive-35a845k83t.pdf

Determining the jet transport coefficient q ̂ from inclusive hadron suppression measurements using Bayesian parameter estimation

The BEST framework for the search for the QCD critical point and the chiral magnetic effect

We provide an overview of the status of Monte-Carlo event generators for high-energy particle physics. Guided by the experimental needs and requirements, we highlight areas of active development, and opportunities for future improvements. Particular emphasis is given to physics models and algorithms that are employed across a variety of experiments. These common themes in event generator development lead to a more comprehensive understanding of physics at the highest energies and intensities, and allow models to be tested against a wealth of data that have been accumulated over the past decades. A cohesive approach to event generator development will allow these models to be further improved and systematic uncertainties to be reduced, directly contributing to future experimental success. Event generators are part of a much larger ecosystem of computational tools. They typically involve a number of unknown model parameters that must be tuned to experimental data, while maintaining the integrity of the underlying physics models. Making both these data, and the analyses with which they have been obtained accessible to future users is an essential aspect of open science and data preservation. It ensures the consistency of physics models across a variety of experiments. 

/pdf/event-generators-for-high-energy-physics-experiments-1j5qsnjc.pdf

Event Generators for High-Energy Physics Experiments

The interpretation of the emergent collective behavior of atomic nuclei in terms of deformed intrinsic shapes is at the heart of our understanding of the rich phenomenology of their structure, ranging from nuclear energy to astrophysical applications across a vast spectrum of energy scales. A new window into the deformation of nuclei has been recently opened with the realization that nuclear collision experiments performed at high-energy colliders, such as the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), enable experimenters to identify the relative orientation of the colliding ions in a way that magnifies the manifestations of their intrinsic deformation. Here we apply this technique to LHC data on collisions of ^{129}Xe nuclei to exhibit the first evidence of nonaxiality in the ground state of ions collided at high energy. We predict that the low-energy structure of ^{129}Xe is triaxial (a spheroid with three unequal axes) and show that such deformation can be determined from high-energy data. This result demonstrates the unique capabilities of precision collider machines such as the LHC as new means to perform imaging of the collective structure of atomic nuclei. 

/pdf/evidence-of-the-triaxial-structure-of-mml-math-xmlns-mml-213ig0xj.pdf

Evidence of the Triaxial Structure of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Xe</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts /><mml:none /><mml:mrow><mml:mn>129</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math> at the Large Hadron Collider

Abstract The ALICE experiment was proposed in 1993, to study strongly-interacting matter at extreme energy densities and temperatures. This proposal entailed a comprehensive investigation of nuclear collisions at the LHC. Its physics programme initially focused on the determination of the properties of the quark–gluon plasma (QGP), a deconfined state of quarks and gluons, created in such collisions. The ALICE physics programme has been extended to cover a broader ensemble of observables related to Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the theory of strong interactions. The experiment has studied Pb–Pb, Xe–Xe, p–Pb and pp collisions in the multi-TeV centre of mass energy range, during the Run 1–2 data-taking periods at the LHC (2009–2018). The aim of this review is to summarise the key ALICE physics results in this endeavor, and to discuss their implications on the current understanding of the macroscopic and microscopic properties of strongly-interacting matter at the highest temperatures reached in the laboratory. It will review the latest findings on the properties of the QGP created by heavy-ion collisions at LHC energies, and describe the surprising QGP-like effects in pp and p–Pb collisions. Measurements of few-body QCD interactions, and their impact in unraveling the structure of hadrons and hadronic interactions, will be discussed. ALICE results relevant for physics topics outside the realm of QCD will also be touched upon. Finally, prospects for future measurements with the ALICE detector in the context of its planned upgrades will also be briefly described. 

pdf/the-alice-experiment-a-journey-through-qcd-79jr0pm3oprr.pdf

The ALICE experiment: a journey through QCD

Using combined data from the Relativistic Heavy Ion and Large Hadron Colliders, we constrain the shear and bulk viscosities of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) at temperatures of ∼150-350  MeV. We use Bayesian inference to translate experimental and theoretical uncertainties into probabilistic constraints for the viscosities. With Bayesian model averaging we propagate an estimate of the model uncertainty generated by the transition from hydrodynamics to hadron transport in the plasma's final evolution stage, providing the most reliable phenomenological constraints to date on the QGP viscosities.

/pdf/phenomenological-constraints-on-the-transport-properties-of-zgvxywlgnu.pdf

Phenomenological Constraints on the Transport Properties of QCD Matter with Data-Driven Model Averaging.

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Phenomenological Constraints on the Transport Properties of QCD Matter with Data-Driven Model Averaging.