Solar observations in the infrared domain can bring important clues on the response of the low solar atmosphere to primary energy released during flares. At present the infrared continuum has been detected at 30 THz (10 $\mu$m) in only a few flares. SOL2012-03-13 , which is one of these flares, has been presented and discussed in Kaufmann et al. (2013). No firm conclusions were drawn on the origin of the mid-infrared radiation. In this work we present a detailed multi-frequency analysis of the SOL2012-03-13 event, including observations at radio millimeter and sub--millimeter wavelengths, in hard X-rays (HXR), gamma-rays (GR), H$\alpha$, and white-light. HXR/GR spectral analysis shows that \so\ is a GR line flare and allows estimating the numbers of and energy contents in electrons, protons and $\alpha$ particles produced during the flare. The energy spectrum of the electrons producing the HXR/GR continuum is consistent with a broken power-law with an energy break at $\sim$ 800 keV. It is shown that the high-energy part (above $\sim$ 800 keV) of this distribution is responsible for the high-frequency radio emission ($>$ 20 GHz) detected during the flare. By comparing the 30 THz emission expected from semi-empirical and time-independent models of the quiet and flare atmospheres, we find that most ($\sim$80\%) of the observed 30 THz radiation can be attributed to thermal free--free emission of an optically-thin source. Using the F2 flare atmospheric model this thin source is found to be at temperatures T $\sim$ 8000 K and is located well above the minimum temperature region. We argue that the chromospheric heating, which results in 80 \% of the 30 THz excess radiation, can be due to energy deposition by non-thermal flare accelerated electrons, protons and $\alpha$ particles. The remaining 20\% of the 30 THz excess emission is found to be radiated from an optically-thick atmospheric layer at T $\sim$ 5000 K, below the temperature minimum region, where direct heating by non-thermal particles is insufficient to account for the observed infrared radiation.

/pdf/origin-of-the-30-thz-emission-detected-during-the-2012-march-3dxub0ompm.pdf

Origin of the 30 THz emission detected during the 2012 March 13 solar flare at 17:20 UT

Solar observations in the infrared domain can bring important clues on the response of the low solar atmosphere to primary energy released during flares. At present, the infrared continuum has been detected at 30 THz (10 μm) in only a few flares. SOL2012-03-13, which is one of these flares, has been presented and discussed in Kaufmann et al. (Astrophys. J.
				 768, 134, 2013). No firm conclusions were drawn on the origin of the mid-infrared radiation. In this work we present a detailed multi-frequency analysis of the SOL2012-03-13 event, including observations at radio-millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths, in hard X-rays (HXR), gamma-rays (GR), $\mathrm{H}\alpha$
 , and white light. The HXR/GR spectral analysis shows that SOL2012-03-13 is a GR line flare and allows estimating the numbers of and energy contents in electrons, protons, and $\alpha$
 particles produced during the flare. The energy spectrum of the electrons producing the HXR/GR continuum is consistent with a broken power-law with an energy break at ${\sim}\,800~\mbox{keV}$
 . We show that the high-energy part (above ${\sim}\, 800~\mbox{keV}$
 ) of this distribution is responsible for the high-frequency radio emission (
 ${>}\, 20~\mbox{GHz}$
 ) detected during the flare. By comparing the 30 THz emission expected from semi-empirical and time-independent models of the quiet and flare atmospheres, we find that most (
 ${\sim}\,80~\%$
 ) of the observed 30 THz radiation can be attributed to thermal free–free emission of an optically thin source. Using the F2 flare atmospheric model (Machado et al. in Astrophys. J.
				 242, 336, 1980), this thin source is found to be at temperatures T ${\sim}\,8000~\mbox{K}$
 and is located well above the minimum temperature region. We argue that the chromospheric heating, which results in 80 % of the 30 THz excess radiation, can be due to energy deposition by nonthermal flare-accelerated electrons, protons, and $\alpha$
 particles. The remaining 20 % of the 30 THz excess emission is found to be radiated from an optically thick atmospheric layer at T ${\sim}\, 5000~\mbox{K}$
 , below the temperature minimum region, where direct heating by nonthermal particles is insufficient to account for the observed infrared radiation.

/pdf/origin-of-the-30-thz-emission-detected-during-the-solar-1o2zs0quv2.pdf

Origin of the 30 THz Emission Detected During the Solar Flare on 2012 March 13 at 17:20 UT

Far infrared solar physics

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

G. Trottet

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Far infrared solar physics