The prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens in the Old World.

A1 Human dirofilariosis in Europe: basic facts and retrospective review F Simón, V Kartashev, J González-Miguel, A Rivera, A Diosdado, PJ Gómez, R Morchón, M Siles-Lucas Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain; Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-na-Donu, 344022, Russia; North Caucasus Research Veterinary Institute, Novocherkassk, 346421, Russia; Laboratory of Parasitology, IRNASA, CSIC, Salamanca, 37008, Spain Correspondence: F Simón (fersimon@usal.es) Parasites & Vectors 2016, 10(Suppl 1):A1

/pdf/fifth-european-dirofilaria-and-angiostrongylus-days-fiedad-xs8z1cwjub.pdf

Fifth European Dirofilaria and Angiostrongylus Days (FiEDAD) 2016

In the past few decades, the relevance of Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens, causing cardiopulmonary and subcutaneous dirofilariosis in dogs and cats, and of Angiostrongylus vasorum, causing canine angiostrongylosis, has steadily increased in Central and Northern Europe. In this review, a summary of published articles and additional reports dealing with imported or autochthonous cases of these parasites is provided for Central (Austria, Czechia, Germany, Hungary, Luxemburg, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Switzerland) and Northern (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) Europe. Research efforts focusing on Dirofilaria spp. and A. vasorum have varied by country, and cross-border studies are few. The housing conditions of dogs, pet movements, the spread of competent vectors, and climate change are important factors in the spread of these nematodes. Dogs kept outside overnight are a major factor for the establishment of Dirofilaria spp. However, the establishment of invasive, diurnal, synanthropic, competent mosquito vectors such as Aedes albopictus may also influence the establishment of Dirofilaria spp. The drivers of the spread of A. vasorum remain not fully understood, but it seems to be influenced by habitats shared with wild canids, dog relocation, and possibly climatic changes; its pattern of spreading appears to be similar in different countries. Both Dirofilaria spp. and A. vasorum merit further monitoring and research focus in Europe.

/pdf/dirofilaria-spp-and-angiostrongylus-vasorum-current-risk-of-1tawpj5a7k.pdf

Dirofilaria spp. and Angiostrongylus vasorum: Current Risk of Spreading in Central and Northern Europe.

The global status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on published articles.

Heartworm disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis is a vector-borne disease that affects canids and felids, both domestic and wild, throughout the world. It is a chronic disease which causes vascular damage in pulmonary arteries, and in advanced stages, the presence of pulmonary hypertension and right-sided congestive heart failure can be evidenced. Moreover, pulmonary thromboembolism is caused by the death of the worms, which can be lethal for the infected animal. Furthermore, it is the causative agent of human pulmonary dirofilariosis, being a zoonotic disease. The aim of this review was to update the current epidemiological situation of heartworm in Europe in dogs, cats, wild animals, and vectors insects, and to analyse the factors that may have contributed to the continuous spread of the disease in the last decade (2012–2021). In Europe, the disease has extended to eastern countries, being currently endemic in countries where previously only isolated or imported cases were reported. Furthermore, its prevalence has continued to increase in southern countries, traditionally endemic. This distribution trends and changes are influenced by several factors which are discussed in this review, such as the climate changes, presence of vectors in new areas, the appearance of new competent vector species in the continent, increased movement of pets that travelled to or originated from endemic countries, the urbanisation of rural areas leading to the formation of so-called “heat islands”, or the creation of extensive areas of irrigated crops. The continuous expansion of D. immitis must be monitored, and measures adapted to the situation of each country must be carried out for adequate control.

/pdf/what-has-happened-to-heartworm-disease-in-europe-in-the-last-2loav3hy.pdf

What Has Happened to Heartworm Disease in Europe in the Last 10 Years?

Retrospective study on the distribution of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in Hungary.

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Retrospective study on the distribution of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in Hungary.