The continuous growing of rice has led to a deterioration in soil quality, resulting in a serious threat to agricultural sustainability in the high rainfall zone of south Gujarat, India. Therefore, crop diversification with a wider choice in the production of crop varieties is being promoted to restore the soil quality. A field experiment was conducted in Navsari, India during 2003–2007 on a Vertisol to evaluate the productivity, sustainability, resource-use efficiency and economics of 10 rice-based cropping systems. The results showed that system productivity for rice–fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum)–okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) was highest (25.73 t ha−1), followed by rice–onion (Allium cepa)–cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.) (24.15 t ha−1); and the lowest system productivity was observed with the rice–wheat (Triticum aestivum)–fallow system (7.85 t ha−1). The sustainable yield index (0.97), production efficiency (102.94 kg ha−1 day−1) and field water use efficiency (15.98 kg ha−1 mm−1) were maximum with ...

/pdf/diversification-of-rice-oryza-sativa-l-based-cropping-3joqkijc82.pdf

Diversification of rice (Oryza sativa L.)-based cropping systems for higher productivity, resource-use efficiency and economic returns in south Gujarat, India

This article examines the transformation from rice farming to commercial aquaculture and its implications for gender roles and relations, women’s access to and control over resources, household foo...

Transformation from Rice Farming to Commercial Aquaculture in Bangladesh: Implications for Gender, Food Security, and Livelihood

Cropping systems influence microbial diversity, soil quality and crop yields in Indo-Gangetic plains of India

Crop diversification and their impact on soil C pools and C indices in Eastern plateau region of India is yet to be clearly understood. To explore this, a nineteen years field experiment was carried out to identify suitable diversified cropping system of this region with assessing the SOC pool, C and humification indices. Selected cropping systems were, uncultivated grassland (D-0), rice-fallow (D-1), rice-fallow/rice-okra/rice-maize (D-2), rice-fallow/rice-capsicum/rice-mungbean (D-3) and rice-fallow/rice-capsicum/rice-babycorn/rice-groundnut systems (D-4). Total organic carbon (TOC), various fractions of reactive and recalcitrant C pools, humification indices, dehydrogenase activity and carbon management index (CMI) were determined for 0−15, 15−30 and 30−45 cm soil layers. After 19 years of cultivation, SOC content (g kg−1) of the soil was improved by 22.9 % in D-1 system in 0−15 cm soil depth. Depth dynamics revealed decrement of SOC fractions and stocks with increasing soil depth, although minimum decrement has noticed in D-3 and D-4 systems. D-1 system had the highest very labile C (VLC), labile C (LC) stock, whileless labile C (LLC) and humus C (Hum-C) was found to be highest in D-0. In deeper soil layers (30−45 cm), D-4 system had the highest reactive C pool (RP) stock. Percent deviation of RP-C stock under D-4 system had also the lowest across the 45 cm soil profile. D-2, D-3 and D-4 systems had ∼34, 52 and 40 % higher C lability index (CLI) than D-0 in 0−15, 15−30 and 30−45 cm soil depths, respectively. Besides, D-1 system had similar and ∼ 63 % higher CMI value at 0−15 and 15−30 cm, while, ∼76 % higher CMI value was observed in D-4 system at 30−45 cm in respect to the reference. At lower depth, rate of humification and dehydrogenase activity were enriched in D-4 system. Thus D-4 can be considered as efficient agro-ecosystem to maintain temporal soil fertility and soil health. At regional scale, more diversified rice-based cropping system with legumesappears to be more promising cropping practice that sustains SOC with higher rate of humification and microbial activity.

Distinct nature of soil organic carbon pools and indices under nineteen years of rice based crop diversification switched over from uncultivated land in eastern plateau region of India

This study examines economic sustainability of agri-horticultural systems on reclaimed ravine lands in western India. Ravine lands are marked by their susceptibility to soil erosion along the course of river systems. Introduction of tree component with traditional crops on such marginal lands is beneficial not only in terms of short-term profitability but also resource conservation. Moringa oleifera (drumstick)- and Emblica officinalis (aonla)-based agri-horticulture trees with Phaseolus radiatus and Foeniculum vulgare crops have been examined as case studies based on data from a research farm adjacent to a major ravine system in western India. Drumstick, as green pod and also in dried powder form, is traditionally used as vegetable in Indian diet. Aonla is used in various forms as food as well as for medicinal purpose. This is marketed in different forms such as pickle, candy and dried powder. Enterprise budgeting analysis revealed that the net present values from M. oleifera + P. radiatus followed by F. vulgare and E. officinalis + P. radiatus followed by F. vulgare were 386 and 1190 USD ha−1, respectively, at 2012–13 local prices over a production cycle of 15 years. Saving in soil nutrients and soil carbon build-up worth 12–240 and 665 USD ha−1 was observed. Further, the land expectation value of E. officinalis-based agri-horticulture production system (1564 USD ha−1) revealed higher land value as compared to tobacco monocropping system (1039 USD ha−1). While the financial viability of these cropping systems proved their worth on the marginal lands of ravines in Gujarat, market and yield risks in crop component, examined through sensitivity analysis, need to be taken into consideration before recommending the agri-horticultural system to farmers. Nevertheless, in view of the declining profitability of the tobacco crop, largely grown on reclaimed ravine lands, an alternative production system, particularly aonla-based agri-horticulture system would help farmers explore alternative production system suiting to their resource endowments.

https://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/bitstream/123456789/36798/1/g16.pdf

Economic assessment of agri-horticulture production systems on reclaimed ravine lands in Western India

Crop diversification is intended to give a wider choice in the production of a variety of crops in a given area so as to expand production related activities on various crops and also to lessen risk The crop shift (diversification) also takes place due to governmental policies and thrust on some crops over a stipulated time, eg establishment of the Technology Mission on Oilseeds to give thrust on oilseeds production as a national need for the country's requirement for less dependency on imports Crop diversification and also the growing of large number of crops are practiced in rainfed lands to reduce the risk factor of crop failures due to drought or fewer rains Market infrastructure development and certain other price related supports also induce crop shift Inclusion of trees in the farming system results in moisture and nutrient conservation in semi-arid tropicsThe article attempts a critical review on crop diversification in rainfed regions of the country and also discusses several facets of crop diversification that include; diversification of rice-wheat system with oilseeds; diversification of oilseeds through intercropping, promising crop sequences involving oilseeds in different states Potential areas are suggested for various oilseed crops in different parts of the country Further, the role of trees as a component of crop diversification for maximizing productivity, profitability leading to resource conservation is highlighted

Crop diversification with oilseed crops for-maximizing productivity, profitability and resource conservation

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Crop diversification with oilseed crops for-maximizing productivity, profitability and resource conservation