In this paper, we propose a new watermarking reinforcement approach that ensures a suitable compromise between the security level of a person's biometric data and the computational complexity of the proposed scheme while maintaining a reduced storage space and a good visual quality of the watermarked host image. We validate the suggested approach on two biometric modalities, fingerprint and face, which are among the most frequently deployed and mature ones in biometric watermarking systems. The improved level of safety is ensured by a combined watermarking scheme. In fact, the same watermarking algorithm is applied twice in succession. First, the face of an individual is watermarked by the local characteristics, minutia, of his/her fingerprint. Second, the previously watermarked face image is inserted into the original image of the fingerprint as supplementary identity information. Beside securing the biometric data, the exploration of the watermarked image has shown interesting performances in individuals’ verification. The results of various tests performed on the Biosecure multimodal database have demonstrated that the proposed method is robust to several signal processing attacks.

A combined watermarking approach for securing biometric data

This paper presents a novel security architecture for protecting the integrity of iris images and templates using watermarking and visual cryptography (VC). The proposed scheme offers a complete protection framework for the iris biometrics which consists of two stages: the first stage is for iris image protection, while the second is for the iris template. First, for protecting the iris image, a watermark text which carries personal information is embedded in the middle band frequency region of the iris image using a novel watermarking algorithm that randomly interchanges multiple middle band pairs of the discrete cosine transform. Second, for iris template protection, the binary iris template is divided into two shares using VC, where one share is stored in the database and the other is kept with the user on a smart card. In addition, the SHA-2 hash function is utilized to maintain the integrity of the stored iris template in both the database and smart card. The experimental and comparison results on the CASIA V4 and UBIRIS V1 iris databases demonstrate that the proposed framework preserves the privacy of the iris images and templates and retains robustness to malicious attacks, while it does not have a discernible effect on the recognition performance.

https://northumbria-test.eprints-hosting.org/id/document/268884

A Framework for Iris Biometrics Protection: A Marriage Between Watermarking and Visual Cryptography

Data hiding is a process of hiding information. Various methods have been developed for data hiding as of now but each have some limitations and some advantages too. According to the level and kind of application one or more data hiding methods is used. Data hiding can be done in audio, video, text, and image and in other form of information. Some data hiding techniques emphasizes on digital image security, some on robustness of digital image hiding process while other's main focus is on imperceptibility of digital image. Capacity of digital information which has to hide is also the main concern in some of the applications. The objective of some of the papers mentioned below is to achieve two or more than two parameters i.e. Security, robustness, imperceptibility and capacity but some of the parameters are trade-off which mean only one can be achieved on the cost of other. So the data hiding techniques aiming to achieve maximum requirements i.e. security, robustness, capacity, imperceptibility etc. and which can be utilized in larger domain of applications is desired. Related work for techniques used for data hiding in digital image is described in this paper.

A recent survey on data hiding techniques

With the start of digitalization, huge amount of information is being transmitted over the internet every day, thereby increasing the need to secure it.Thus, in order to secure the transmission, the concept of information security has been introduced, which is a set of policies for managing the tools, processes to keep the information and its associated systems safe from the unauthentic use, leak of confidential information or alteration in the existing data.It works in two major parts i.e., system security which focuses on the legitimacy of the accurate action to be performed irrespective of the data stored as well as executed by the computer system while system assurance focuses on providing security to the information[13].It continuously linked with the organizational function in order to guard the data from unknown as well as to fabricate the data as and when required by an authorized individual.The essential characteristics of standard information security are the availability, integrity, authenticity and confidentiality. 

pdf/video-data-security-analysis-relevance-and-open-challenges-597kzwozrc.pdf

Video data security: analysis, relevance and open challenges

A steganography approach is a beneficial approach for hiding and encrypting messages in text, audio, video, and image formats. After the original text file is first encrypted, this encrypted file is embedded with an image file, and that image will be transferred to the recipient. The motive of this method is easy communication and transferring of files to end users safely. The intruder is the only one who can view the unhidden message which is in text, audio, video, or image format. Thus, the message is encrypted successfully. Although there are many advantages for the steganography, which also has some limitations, these issues are mainly aimed in this paper. In this chapter, the challenges of steganography are rectified with the help of securing techniques. Finally, in the results section, findings in image size and the complexity of image quality at the sender side and receiver side in one-bit, two-bit, three-bit, and four-bit steganography images are stated. Thus, steganography methods are taking progressive steps to transform this capability into higher contributions. 

A Study of Steganography Approach for Securing Data in a Confidential Communication Using Encryption

It is important to secure the privacy of digital face image that are stored in central database. To impart privacy to such biometric face images, first the digital face image is split into two such that, each of it gives no idea of existence of the original face image and the original image can be retrieved only when both split images available. To achieve this, Visual Cryptography, Halftoning along with Digital Watermarking are employed. The method can be extended to preserve the privacy of a maximum of any n images.

Biometric privacy using visual cryptography, halftoning and watermarking for multiple secrets

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Biometric privacy using visual cryptography, halftoning and watermarking for multiple secrets