/pdf/international-indian-ocean-expedition-1onq38guv9.pdf

International Indian Ocean Expedition

Impact of multispecies diatom bloom on plankton community structure in Sundarban mangrove wetland, India.

Ocean climate drivers and phytoplankton life strategies interact in a complex dynamic to produce harmful algal blooms (HABs). This study aims to integrate historical biological data collected during “red tide” events along the Ecuadorian coast between 1997 and 2017 in relation to five ocean variables derived from satellite remote sensing data to explain the seasonal drivers of coastal processes associated with HABs dynamics. Seasonality of the occurrence of HABs was assessed in relation to oceanographic variables by applying multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) to the Ecuadorian central coast (Zone 1) and at the outer and inner Gulf of Guayaquil (Zone 2). Sixty-seven HABs events were registered between 1997 and 2017. From a total of 40 species of phytoplankton identified, 28 were identified as non-toxic and the remaining 12 are well known to produce toxins. Dinoflagellates were the taxonomic group most highly associated with potential HABs events along the entire Ecuadorian coast. HABs appear to be constrained by the Humboldt coastal upwelling, high precipitation, and associated coastal runoff, with higher biomass abundance in the Gulf of Guayaquil than in the central coast. Results from the MCA reveal that in the central Ecuadorian coast (oligotrophic system), toxic HABs occurred with low abundance of dinoflagellates, while in the Gulf of Guayaquil (eutrophic system), toxic HABs corresponded to a high abundance of dinoflagellates. In both cases, high values were found for sea surface temperature, precipitation, and irradiance—characteristic of wet seasons or El Nino years. Non-toxic HABs occurred with a high abundance of dinoflagellates, ciliates, and centric diatoms, corresponding to colder waters and low levels of precipitation and irradiance. These findings confirm that dinoflagellates display several strategies that enhance their productive capacity when ocean conditions are warmer, allowing them to produce toxins at high or at low concentrations. Considering that the Gulf of Guayaquil is essential to tourism, the shrimp industry, fisheries, and international shipping, these findings strongly suggest the need to establish an ecosystem health research program to monitor HABs and the development of a preventive policy for tourism and public health in Ecuador.

/pdf/oceanography-of-harmful-algal-blooms-on-the-ecuadorian-coast-2bi7hfilf7.pdf

Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms on the Ecuadorian Coast (1997–2017): Integrating Remote Sensing and Biological Data

61 species of marine phytoplankton belonging to 32 genera were recorded from Chombala in north
Kerala during the period from October 2001 to September 2002 (first year) and 76 species of 33
genera during the period from October 2002 to September 2003 (second year). From Vizhinjam,
along south Kerala, 91 species of 30 genera and 90 species of35 genera were recorded in the sea
in the first and second years respectively whereas in the adjacent bay 88 and 95 species belonging
to 28 genera were recorded.
2. Diatoms and dinoflagellates, the two most diverse phytoplankton groups were rich in species diversity
and density at both the sites, with the diatom species contributing the maximum to phytoplankton
community structure. Blue green algae, mainly Trichodesmium sp was recorded from Chombala
(12.5%) and Vizhinjam bay (8.3%) but was more frequent (25%) from Vizhinjam sea. A
rapidophyte Chat/onella marina was recorded only from Chombala. Diatoms formed 83.5 % of
the community at Chombala, while at Vizhinjam they formed 70.9"10, the reduction in
contribution mainly due to the dominance of dinoflagellates; the diversity being controlled by the
two genera Ceratium and Peridinium.
3. The annual average phytoplankton diversity index at Chombala was 1.88, of which the diversity of
diatom and dinoflagellate were 1.81 and 0.29 respectively.
4. The diatom community at Chombala consisted of 10 families, of which members of the families
Coscinodiscaceae (32.7%), Fragilaroideae(19.3%) and Biddulphiae (16.4%) were dominant
Among the 7 families of dinoflagellates recorded at Chombala, Gymoodinaceae (24.3%),
Peridinaceae (13.3%) and Ceratiaceae (13%) dominated the phytoplankton community structure.
5. The annual average phytoplankton diversity at Vizhinjam bay and sea were 2.13 and 2.09 respectively,
of which the diversity indices of diatom and dinoflagellate in the sea were 1.85 and 1.15 and in
the bay 1.5 and 0.98 respectively.
6. The diatom community at Vizhinjam sea consisted of 9 families of which members of Chaetocerae
(28.4%), Fragilaroideap. (19"10), Biddulphiae (16.8%) and Coscinodiscacea (16.6%) were
dominant. Among dinoflagellates, the families Dinophysiaceae (26.3%), Ceratiaceae (23.7%),
Peridinaceae (36.1 %) dominated the phytoplankton community structure. At Vizbinjam bay, of
the 9 families, members of Chaetocerae (21.6%), Fragilaroideat.(21.2%), Biddulphiae (17.3%)
and Coscinodiscaceae. (16.3%) were dominant and among dinoflagellates, the families
Peridinaceae (37.1 %), Dinophysiaceae (35.4%), Ceratiaceae (17 .9"10), dominated the
phytoplankton community structure.
7. In the family Dinophysiaceae, the family in which DSP toxicity is shown by most of its members, two
species were common Prorocellhlm micans was present in 6 and Dillophysis caudata in 15 out of
the 24 sampled months at Vizhinjam.

Studies on the prevalence of algal blooms along Kerala coast, India

Phytoplankton characterisation in the Alappuzha mud banks during the pre-/post phases of a red-tide, Prorocentrum shikokuense Hada

The present article embodies a critical appraisal of the blooms observed at Karwar, Mangalore, Cochin, Vizhinjam, Tuticorin and Madras from 1982 to 1987. Noctiluca miliaris, Coscinodiscus sp. and Fragilaria oceanica are the three common species which appear in blooms regularly. There are some other phytoplankters also which bloom occasionally at restricted areas. These include species of Ceratium, Chaetoceros, Rhizosolenia, Biddulphia, Skeletonema, Thalassionema, Thalassiosira subtilis, Thalassiothrix and Trichodesmium.

Phytoplankton Blooms along the Indian Coasts-some highlights

CMFRI has been monitoring the microscopic organisms which belong to the categories of phyto and zooplanktons, being a reliable tool for the identification of areas prone to industrial and natural pollution and for understanding its extent and intensity, especially in the inshore areas selected centres along the Indian coasts.These studies assist in foretelling any alarming situations developed in the living environment that may affect the commercially important resources adversely. The pattern of the occurrence and abundance of zooplankton along the Indian coasts from Bombay on the west coast upto Madras on the east coast were described.The samples were collected from Bombay, Karwar, Calicut, Vizhinjam, Tuticorin, Mandapam and Madras. In conclusion,the rate of secondary production on the west as well as on the east coasts during the 1981-82 period was comparatively lesser than during the previous year.

Trends in secondary production in the inshore waters of the seas around India

Zooplankton samples collected during the cruises of M.V. Matsya Vigyani from October to December
1977 from the northwest cost of India were utilised for the study of the faunal composition, variation in
their abundance, distribution and their relationship with the fishery. Estimated zooplankton biomass in
the area 20-71 followed by 20-70 and this was due to a higher density of Salps spp. where they out numbered
the copepods. Copepods were dominant in the areas 18-72 (98%), 17-72 (87.5%), 19-71 (80.7%) and 17.72
(55.6/0. Evadne sp. (39%) was next to copepods in the samples collected in the area 17-72 south of Bombay
The percentage composition of various groups of zooplankton in different areas is given. The fish catch/hour was maximum in the area 19-71 (366.7 kg/b) followed by the area 18-72 (354.8 kg/h) in October which was the most productive month for the zooplankters.

Note on the abundance of zooplankton and trawler catch during the postmonsoon months along the northwest coast of India

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Phytoplankton Blooms along the Indian Coasts-some highlights

Trends in secondary production in the inshore waters of the seas around India

Note on the abundance of zooplankton and trawler catch during the postmonsoon months along the northwest coast of India