Key characteristics (KCs) play a significant role in product lifecycle management (PLM) and in collaborative and global product development. Over the last decade, KCs methodologies and tools have been studied and practiced in several domains of the product lifecycle, and many world-class companies have introduced KCs considerations into their product development practices. However, there has been no systematic survey of KCs techniques, methodologies, and practices in this respect. This paper aims to give a comprehensive survey of KCs methodologies, and practices from the perspective of enterprise integration and PLM. The paper firstly presents a holistic framework of KCs methodologies and practices through the product lifecycle, and summarizes the fundamentals of KCs including their definition and classification, KC flowdown, and the identification and selection of KCs. A review of the KCs methods and practices in the product lifecycle is then presented, particularly in engineering design, manufacturing planning, production and testing as well as information and knowledge management respectively. Finally, the problems and challenges for future research on KCs techniques are discussed.

Key characteristics management in product lifecycle management : a survey of methodologies and practices

Since the activities to design complex products and systems (CoPSs) mainly focus on redesign of the existing CoPSs to satisfy customer requirements and improve product reliability, identification of the to-be-improved components plays a key role in the redesign process. In the existing methods to identify the to-be-improved components, customer requirements are primarily considered while the failure knowledge, a critical information to improve product reliability, is often ignored. The objective of this research is to identify the to-be-improved components considering both customer requirements and product reliability. The customer requirements are used in redesign through quality function deployment, while the reliability is used in redesign through failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA). Different from the traditional FMEA, the failure causality relationships between and within components are analyzed in this work to provide a means of making use of failure information more effectively for constructing a directed failure causality relationship network. In this network, the failure modes of all components are modeled as vertices, and the causality relationships between failure modes are modeled as directed edges. A new index is introduced to calculate the importance of component from the viewpoint of reliability through integrating the internal and external failure effects. Fuzzy permanent function is developed to measure the internal failure effects, while the external failure effect index is developed to measure the external failure effects. A case study for identification of the to-be-improved components for the operation device of a crawler crane is implemented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed approach.

Identification of to-be-improved components for redesign of complex products and systems based on fuzzy QFD and FMEA

This study has been attempted to present the state of art review on the research work carried out for the operation of wind and pumped storage plant (Wind–PSP) under deregulated market. Due to the uncertain characteristics of the wind, power generated by wind turbines is mostly variable and may affect the power system operation. Therefore integrated operation of Wind–PSP requires the knowledge of various factors such as: technology/concept to be used, number and capacity of the generating units, control, management, scheduling and cost of imbalance etc. In order to overcome the effect of variability and above said factors, a joint operation of a wind turbine and energy storage systems (ESS)/technologies is required. Among all the ESSs, PSP is the most mature and large capacity system, which can compensate the wind power uncertainties optimally. Variable operations of PSP, balance the load and generation uncertainty, and thus enhance the ability of power system to incorporate wind power. The present study has been aimed to cover the review of basics of wind energy, PSP, Wind–PSP system and their current status, applications and challenges involved with Wind–PSP, Operation of Wind–PSP under deregulated market and optimization techniques used in the scheduling of Wind–PSP system. An attempt has also been made to compare the techniques suitable for scheduling of Wind–PSP systems based on earlier research.

Optimization methods applied for Wind–PSP operation and scheduling under deregulated market: A review

Improved assessment model for candidate design schemes with an interval rough integrated cloud model under uncertain group environment

This study demonstrates optimization of CO2 casting process parameters by using Taguchi’s design of experiments method. The CO2 casting process involves a large number of parameters affecting the various quality features of the final product. The process parameters considered in this research work are weight of CO2 gas, mould hardness number, sand particle size, percentage of sodium silicate, sand mixing time, pouring time, pouring height, pouring temperature, and cooling time of poured metal. The effect of the selected process parameters on casting defects and subsequent setting of the parameters have been accomplished by using Taguchi’s parameter design approach. The result indicates that the selected process parameters significantly affect the defects of CO2 casting. The results are further conformed by conducting confirmation experiments.

Parameter optimization of CO2 casting process by using Taguchi method

Variation in product performance can be seen as a design failure. The fundamental principle of robust design proposed by Taguchi is to improve the quality of a product by minimizing the effect of causes of variation, without totally eliminating the causes. A method of robust design is briefly explained and its application is demonstrated with the help of a case study from Roots Industries Ltd., Coimbatore. This paper describes how the inherent modeling of product and process requirements in key characteristics (KCs) can be used to express and capture the product design intent. KCs are those features which significantly affect product function and performance, or occur when there is variation. A prototype software program (VRM Tool) was developed to house all the critical design data for process optimization and its eventual reuse. We establish a systematic process of identifying, assessing and mitigating risk in the early stage of design for a Windtone class of automobile electric horn, using robust design concept. The results suggest that the proposed robust design method is an efficient, disciplined approach that can assist a product delivery team in designing for a better functional performance and improved reliability of the entire system .

Using risk analysis and Taguchi’s method to find optimal conditions of design parameters: a case study

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Using risk analysis and Taguchi’s method to find optimal conditions of design parameters: a case study