Progress in palaeotsunami research

http://www.wcrc.govt.nz/Documents/Natural%20Hazard%20Reports/Proxy%20tools%20for%20past%20tsunami%20ID%20Chague-goff%20et%20al%20ESR%202011.pdf

Expanding the proxy toolkit to help identify past events — Lessons from the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and the 2009 South Pacific Tsunami

Boulder and fine sediment transport and deposition by the 2004 tsunami in Lhok Nga (western Banda Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia): A coupled offshore–onshore model

The Indian Ocean tsunami flooded the coastal zone of the Andaman Sea and left tsunami deposits with a thickness of a few millimetres to tens of centimetres over a roughly one-kilometre-wide tsunami inundation zone. The preservation potential and the post-depositional changes of the onshore tsunami deposits in the coastal plain setting, under conditions of a tropical climate with high seasonal rainfall, were assessed by reinvestigating trenches located along 13 shore-perpendicular transects; the trenches were documented shortly after the tsunami and after 1, 2, 3 and 4 years. The tsunami deposits were found preserved after 4 years at only half of the studied sites. In about 30% of the sites, the tsunami deposits were not preserved due to human activity; in a further 20% of the sites, the thin tsunami deposits were eroded or not recognised due to new soil formation. The most significant changes took place during the first rainy season when the relief of the tsunami deposits was levelled; moderate sediment redeposition took place, and fine surface sediments were washed away, which frequently left a residual layer of coarse sand and gravel. The fast recovery of new plant cover stabilised the tsunami deposits and protected them against further remobilisation during the subsequent years. After five rainy seasons, tsunami deposits with a thickness of at least a few centimetres were relatively well preserved; however, their internal structures were often significantly blurred by roots and animal bioturbation. Moreover, soil formation within the deposits caused alterations, and in the case of thin layers, it was not possible to recognise them anymore. Tsunami boulders were only slightly weathered but not moved. Among the various factors influencing the preservation potential, the thickness of the original tsunami deposits is the most important. A comparison between the first post-tsunami survey and the preserved record suggests that tsunamis with a run-up smaller than three metres are not likely to be preserved; for larger tsunamis, only about 50% of their inundation area is likely to be presented by the preserved extent of the tsunami deposits. Any modelling of paleotsunamis from their deposits must take into account post-depositional changes.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11069-011-9956-8.pdf

The post-depositional changes of the onshore 2004 tsunami deposits on the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand

Applications of geochemistry in tsunami research: A review

our paper presents selected shortand long-term environmental and geological impacts of the 26 December 2004 tsunami on the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand. The tsunami inundated the coastal zone more than 1.5 km inland and above 10 m a.s.l., causing coastal erosion mainly in the nearshore zone, beaches, river mouths and peninsulas. The tsunami runup was significantly influenced by nearshore bathymetry. Almost the entire inundation zone was covered with up to 0.5 m tsunami-laid sand and silty sand layer burying former soil. The layer has not eroded during subsequent rainy seasons and probably will be preserved in the geological record. The inland waters were salinated and the tsunami deposits were enriched in salts and bioavailable heavy metals and arsenic. Most of them were mobilized during rainy season. Sandy beaches the most tsunami damaged coastal habitat, recovered quickly after the tsunami event. Also, most of the land vegetation recovered within one year after the tsunami.

Environmental and geological impacts of the 26 December 2004 tsunami in coastal zone of Thailand - overviev of short and long-term effects

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Environmental and geological impacts of the 26 December 2004 tsunami in coastal zone of Thailand - overviev of short and long-term effects