On the effect of boron on grain boundary character in a new polycrystalline superalloy

Ni-based superalloys play an important role in aircraft engine propulsion. However, many experiments demonstrated that these alloys as well as Ni always show ductility loss at intermediate temperature, which constrains further development. A comparison of published papers by various authors reveals considerable differences in understanding the mechanism of intermediate temperature embrittlement. To clarify this situation, the present article first confirms the generality of intermediate temperature embrittlement of Ni and Ni-based alloys by the experimental results reported in the literature. The existing interpretations of the mechanism are then outlined. Based on the generality, these interpretations are discussed through the representative investigations on intermediate temperature embrittlement. It is shown that the mechanism of intermediate temperature embrittlement has not been satisfactorily explained yet and “nonequilibrium interface segregation” of impurities taking into account the effect of str...

Mechanism of Intermediate Temperature Embrittlement of Ni and Ni-based Superalloys

Crack growth micro-mechanisms in the IN718 alloy under the combined influence of fatigue, creep and oxidation

Multiprincipal-element alloys are an enabling class of materials owing to their impressive mechanical and oxidation-resistant properties, especially in extreme environments1,2. Here we develop a new oxide-dispersion-strengthened NiCoCr-based alloy using a model-driven alloy design approach and laser-based additive manufacturing. This oxide-dispersion-strengthened alloy, called GRX-810, uses laser powder bed fusion to disperse nanoscale Y2O3 particles throughout the microstructure without the use of resource-intensive processing steps such as mechanical or in situ alloying3,4. We show the successful incorporation and dispersion of nanoscale oxides throughout the GRX-810 build volume via high-resolution characterization of its microstructure. The mechanical results of GRX-810 show a twofold improvement in strength, over 1,000-fold better creep performance and twofold improvement in oxidation resistance compared with the traditional polycrystalline wrought Ni-based alloys used extensively in additive manufacturing at 1,093 °C5,6. The success of this alloy highlights how model-driven alloy designs can provide superior compositions using far fewer resources compared with the 'trial-and-error' methods of the past. These results showcase how future alloy development that leverages dispersion strengthening combined with additive manufacturing processing can accelerate the discovery of revolutionary materials. 

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05893-0.pdf

A 3D printable alloy designed for extreme environments

The effect of boron additions ranging from 5 to 210 ppm on the microstructure and transverse properties of a directionally solidified (DS) superalloy was studied. Lamellar borides were observed in the as-cast specimens when B addition was increased to 210 ppm. The borides gradually decomposed during solution heat treatment. γ′ envelope formed around carbides in B containing alloys after solution heat treatment. No secondary carbides were found during the formation of the γ′ envelope. The transverse creep lifetime and the tensile properties at both room temperature and 870 °C were significantly improved when boron was added. However, further increasing in B content showed different effect on creep strength and tensile properties at different experimental conditions.

Effect of boron additions on the microstructure and transverse properties of a directionally solidified superalloy

The boron and carbon levels of a P/M nickel base superalloy were systematically varied in order to determine the mechanisms by which these elements strengthen the alloy, and their optimum concentration. Carbon levels were reduced to 20 ppm while the boron level was varied from 0.02 to 0.10 wt pct. Carbon levels of 0.002 and 0.05 wt pct were also studied, while maintaining a boron concentration of 0.02 wt pct. Zirconium levels were maintained at 0.06 wt pct. The resulting alloys were subjected to identical heat treatments and examinedvia SEM, TEM, and STEM microscopy. The alloys were also subjected to tensile, creep, stress-rupture, and fatigue crack growth tests. Results show that both carbon and boron have a strong influence on the formation of grain boundary precipitates, as expected. Carbon was present as the MC and M23C6 type carbides, while boron combined to form an intergranular M3B2 boride. Boron and zirconium were observed to be critical to the alloys' mechanical properties, although boron levels above the solubility limit resulted in no further improvement or debit in strength. Carbon additions resulted in no improvement in properties, indicating the feasibility of a carbon-free P/M superalloy. The role of the minor element additions is discussed in terms of both microstructural features and related strengthening mechanisms.

Effects of B, C, and Zr on the structure and properties of a P/M nickel base superalloy

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Effects of B, C, and Zr on the structure and properties of a P/M nickel base superalloy