Unanswered questions on the etiology and prevention of shipping fever pneumonia have allowed this disease to remain one of the most costly to the North American cattle industry. Research in this area has indirected that while Pasteurella haemolytica and, to a lesser extent, P. multocida are involved in most cases, they seem to require additional factors to help initiate the disease process. Bovine herpes virus 1 has been shown experimentally to be one such factor. This review examines in some detail the topics of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, shipping fever, and viral-bacterial interactions in the production of respiratory disease in various species. It deals with history, definitions, etiologies, clinical signs and lesions, and considers exposure levels, transmission and various pathogenetic mechanisms that are postulated or known to occur.

A review of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, shipping fever pneumonia and viral-bacterial synergism in respiratory disease of cattle.

The interaction between Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida in experimental pneumonia was investigated in conventional pigs. The experimental animals were 49 days old when inoculated with M. hyopneumoniae; they were inoculated with P. multocida after 23 days, and killed 13 days later. In pigs inoculated only with P. multocida, clinical signs and lung lesions were not observed, and the agent was not recovered. Pigs inoculated with M. hyopneumoniae developed fever, moderate cough and dyspnea which tended to disappear, and small proliferative lung lesions from which M. hyopneumoniae was isolated. Pigs inoculated with both agents had higher fever, severe cough and dyspnea which tended to aggravate, and extensive exudative lung lesions from which organisms were isolated. All animals had similar growth rates, but the group infected with both agents consumed 60% more food. Therefore, M. hyopneumoniae causes mild pneumonia, whereas P. multocida is not pathogenic alone but aggravates the pneumonia initiated by M. hyopneumoniae.

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae increases the susceptibility of pigs to experimental Pasteurella multocida pneumonia.

The lungs of 334 pigs were obtained from two slaughter plants in Minnesota and examined in detail. Macroscopic and microscopic evaluation, direct fluorescence for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and bacterial culture were done on all of them and a subsample of 50 were selected for virus culture. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus spp. were detected in 24.0%, 34.1% and 27.0% of the lungs, commonly in conjunction with each other. One isolate of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 was detected and this represents the first report of its presence in the United States. No virus was detected in any of the lungs. Lungs with both M. hyopneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida had the greatest amount of macroscopic pneumonia (9.8% of the lung). Lungs with M. hyopneumoniae or P. multocida alone had 4.9% and 5.2% of the lung involved with pneumonia respectively. Lungs with Haemophilus sp. Taxon "minor group" had 3.8% of the lung involved which was not significantly different from lungs with none of these organisms being detected (1.6%). There was a positive correlation between the extent of M. hyopneumoniae infection, as scored by FAT and the amount of macroscopic pneumonia present (r = 0.46; P less than 0.001). Likewise, there was a positive correlation between the estimated concentration of P. multocida present, as scored by the relative number of colonies on blood agar and the amount of macroscopic pneumonia present (r = 0.60; P less than 0.001). Microscopically, the amount of lymphoreticular proliferation, polymorphonuclear cells and alveolar macrophages were evaluated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Microorganisms associated with pneumonia in slaughter weight swine.

Important! Each educational unit contains words that are defined in the Know Your Body Glossary. Please remember to include the Glossary when downloading the educational unit(s) in PDF format. The Immune System Undergraduate researchers: Ibtehal Alsaihati, Tiffany Belanger, Nicole Cidorowich, Leslie Hirschfeld, Whitney James, Paula Lacoute, Whitney Scott (2009). Co-edited by Nancy D. Bergerson (2010)

https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1093&context=vmpm_pubs

The Immune System

Immunohistochemical characterization of calf pneumonia produced by the combined endobronchial administration of bovine herpesvirus 1 and Pasteurella haemolytica.

Interaction between a hog cholera vaccine strain and Pasteurella multocida in the production of porcine pneumonia

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Interaction between a hog cholera vaccine strain and Pasteurella multocida in the production of porcine pneumonia