Fertilization in the managed pine stands of the southeastern United States is a cost-effective means to increase forest production; however, most studies have focused on N and P fertilization. Here we report results from two minus-micronutrient (-B, -Cu, -Fe, -Mn, -Mo, -Zn, All, and Nil) x increasing levels of N addition (0, 112, 224, 326 kg N ha ―1 ) split-plot experiments in managed slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) forests located on Florida Spodosols. We hypothesized that if tree growth were limited by a micronutrient, this limitation would be exacerbated at higher levels of N addition. At both sites, N additions caused a significant (P < 0.05) increase in growth between 0 and the two greatest N fertilization rates, but contrasts among higher N levels were not significant for any N-micronutrient combination. At the slash pine site, the effect of micronutrient fertilization was not significant for stand volume, but for the loblolly pine site, the micronutrient treatment was significant because the -Cu treatment volume was less than that of the All, Nil, -Zn, -Mo, and -Fe treatments. Some combination of micronutrients may have interfered with Cu uptake, as suggested by foliar Cu concentrations in the Nil treatment that were greater than in the -Cu treatment. Extremely low soil concentrations of Cu at the loblolly pine site suggest that this antagonism was exacerbated by low background levels. Notably, the -Cu treatments had 40% less volume than the -Zn treatments, highlighting the substantial effect that a Cu deficiency could have on the economic value of these forests.

Micronutrient Limitations in Two Managed Southern Pine Stands Planted on Florida Spodosols

El manejo de las plantaciones de Pinus radiata en Chile se ha intensificado en las ultimas decadas por medio de preparacion de suelo, control de malezas y fertilizacion al establecimiento. Sin embargo, la falta de informacion respecto a las respuestas especificas al sitio impone incerteza acerca de los beneficios economicos y biologicos de las tecnicas silviculturales aplicadas. La proyeccion del crecimiento inicial a los tratamientos silviculturales es critica, pero dificil de estimar, a menos que se tenga una clara comprension de los factores limitantes del sitio. Se investigo la respuesta de crecimiento y el uso potencial del diametro de copa como un indicador temprano de vigor de la plantacion a los tres anos para la duracion del control de malezas y la fertilizacion en un ensayo localizado en suelos metamorficos de la Cordillera de la Costa de la Region del Maule. Los tratamientos consideraron sin fertilizacion y fertilizado (26 g N + 16,7 g K + 2,5 g B por planta). Los tratamientos de control de vegetacion competidora consideraron uno y dos anos consecutivos de control de malezas en bandas. Despues de 12 meses la supervivencia fue mayor con el control de malezas pero no con la fertilizacion. La respuesta al control de malezas fue muy alta y se mantuvo hasta el tercer ano. La falta de respuesta a la fertilizacion sugiere que el agua es el principal factor limitante para estos sitios. Tres anos despues del establecimiento el control de malezas aumento la supervivencia en 13%, y los tratamientos de mayor intensidad silvicultural produjeron ganancias de 56-103% en diametro de cuello, 53-82% en altura, 269-591% en indice de volumen y 35-77% en diametro de copa. Estas respuestas correspondieron a una ganancia de una temporada de crecimiento. El control de malezas durante dos anos consecutivos no produjo respuestas de crecimiento. La relacion lineal obtenida entre diametro de copa e indice de volumen sugiere un metodo simple para estimar vigor de la planta en etapas tempranas. Las distintas relaciones lineales para los tratamientos aplicados sugieren limitaciones hidricas en la eficiencia de crecimiento para tratamientos que incluyen control de malezas de aquellos que no lo presentan

https://scielo.conicyt.cl/pdf/bosque/v29n1/art09.pdf

Early response of Pinus radiata plantations to weed control and fertilization on metamorphic soils of the Coastal Range, Maule Region, Chile

SUMMARY Management of Pinus radiata plantations in Chile has been intensified in the last decades using site preparation, weed control and fertilization. The lack of information on site-specific responses imposes uncertainty about the biological and economic benefits of these techniques. Early projection of initial tree growth response to intensive culture is extremely important but difficult to estimate unless a clear understanding of limiting resources exists at each site. Based on the three-year development of a weed control and fertilization trial located on metamorphic soils of the Coastal Range of Chile we investigated the site specific limitations at these sites. Fertilization treatments included no fertilization (F0) and fertilized (F1) (26g N + 16.7g K + 2.5g B per plant). Banded weed control treatments on woody vegetation included one (WC1) and two consecutive years (WC2) of release. After 12 months, seedling survival was significantly increased by weed control but not by fertilization. Three years after establishment, weed control increased survival by 13%, and intensive silvicultural treatment gains were 56-103% for root collar diameter (RCD), 53-82% for height (HT), 269-591% for volume index (V=D 2 H), and 35-77% for crown diameter (CR). Lack of fertilization response suggested that water was the most limiting resource. Weed control responses represented almost one growing season gain in tree growth. No additional gains were obtained by weed control of woody vegetation during the second growing season. A linear relationship was found between log(CR) and log(V), suggesting a simplified method to estimate tree vigor at early stages of plantation development.

Early response of Pinus radiata plantations to weed control and fertilization on metamorphic soils of the Coastal Range, Maule Region, Chile Respuesta temprana de Pinus radiata al control de malezas y la fertilización en suelos metamórficos de la Cordillera de la Costa de la Región del Maule

Biomass and nutrient accumulation comparison between successive loblolly pine rotations on the Upper Coastal Plain of Alabama.

Ecological Restoration of Dryland Kānuka Communities in an Irrigated Agricultural Landscape

Ecological restoration of dryland kānuka communities in an irrigated agricultural landscape

Influence of trace-element deficiencies on plantation forestry in New Zealand.

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Influence of trace-element deficiencies on plantation forestry in New Zealand.