Structure, mechanical properties and friction behavior of UHMWPE/HDPE/carbon nanofibers

Structural and cation distribution studies on Ni1−xZnxFe2O4 (with x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0) ferrite nanoparticles by using X-ray diffraction analysis are reported. In this work the Nickel-Zinc ferrites nanoparticles are synthesized by sol-gel auto combustion using respec- tive metal nitrates and citric acid as fuel for the auto com- bustion reaction. Formation of ferrite nanoparticles having single-phase spinel structure is evident from the obtained X-ray diffraction patterns. Lattice constant values of the Ni1−xZnxFe2O4 ferrite system are found to increase with in- crease of zinc substitution x. Broad and intense XRD peaks in the patterns indicate the nanocrystalline nature of the produced ferrite samples. Average particle size calculated from most intense Bragg's reflection (311) using Debye- Scherrer's formula is found to be 30 nm. The particle size is found to decrease with increase in zinc substitution x. Observed X-ray density is found to decrease with increase in zinc substitution x. Bulk density, porosity, and unit cell volume are also calculated from the XRD data. Distribu- tion of metal cations in the spinel structure estimated from X-ray diffraction data show that along with Ni 2+ ions most of the Zn 2+ ions also occupy the octahedral (B) sites, which are attributed to nanosize dimensions of the ferrite samples.

X-Ray Diffraction and Cation Distribution Studies in Zinc-Substituted Nickel Ferrite Nanoparticles

Impact perforation of monolithic polyethylene plates: Projectile nose shape dependence

The introduction of true stress strain measurements, at constant strain rate, has promoted the development of empirical or semiempirical models for large deformations in thermoplastics. One such theory, which proposes that the post yield deformation process can be represented by equations derived from the theories of rubber elasticity, has been successfully applied to several glassy polymers. Unexpectedly, it can also model the post yield deformation of many different grades of polyethylene, even when rubber theory is employed in the simplest Gaussian form. Strain hardening is then represented by the single strain hardening coefficient Gp. Examples are given of this equation, which can be modified to give the true engineering or nominal stress σn and then be differentiated to give dσn/dλ = Gp − Y0 / λ2 + 2Gp / λ3, where Y0 is the yield stress and λ the extension ratio. Negative values of this differential then predict the onset of necking in tension and positive values stabilization of the neck. The relation of Gp to molecular weight is then discussed using literature measurements for polyethylenes of differing molecular weight and similar molecular weight distributions. When these results are then plotted, a strong dependency of Gp on molecular weight is observed. Some implications of these measurements are then considered. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1090–1099, 2007

Strain hardening of high density polyethylene

Blends of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) provide adequate mechanical properties for biomedical application. In this study, the mechanical and thermal properties of UHMWPE/HDPE blends with the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) prepared via single-screw extruder nanomixer were investigated. The UHMWPE/HDPE blends exhibit a gradual increase in strength, modulus, and impact strength over pure polymers, suggesting synergism in the polymer blends. The elastic and flexural modulus was increased at the expense of tensile, flexural, and impact strength for the blends containing PEG. The degradation temperature of UHMWPE was improved with the incorporation of HDPE due to good thermal stability of HDPE. HDPE improved the dispersibility of PEG in matrix, consequently reduced the surface area available for the kinetic effects, and reduced the degradation temperature. The morphology analysis confirmed the miscibility between UHMWPE and HDPE and the changes in polymer structure with the presence of PEG modify the thermal behavior of the blends. The mechanical properties of the blends that are underlying values for the design of implant material show the potential used as biomedical devices.

/pdf/thermal-and-mechanical-properties-of-ultrahigh-molecular-3h6k9o4zw0.pdf

Thermal and mechanical properties of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene/high-density polyethylene/polyethylene glycol blends

Scanning electron micrographs of high density polyethylene fracture surfaces

This work investigated the stress-strain properties of a low density polyethylene based on novel metallocene catalysts, marketed by BASF under the trade name of Luflexen It was found that the polymer exhibited rubber-like properties similar to those associated with the styrene-butadiene block copolymers The stress-strain properties were modelled using the HT model proposed by Haward and Thackray The model employs a dashpot to represent a viscosity in parallel with a spring defined by the theory of rubber elasticity for which non-Gaussian chain statistics were initially selected It was shown that at extension ratios λ > 2 the model generates curves in good agreement with experimental results A significant feature of the treatment was the ability of the model to provide an estimate of the limiting extension ratio λmax as represented, in the model, by the parameter n1/2

The stress-strain curve of Luflexen in tension

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Scanning electron micrographs of high density polyethylene fracture surfaces

The stress-strain curve of Luflexen in tension