Velocity profile measurement by ultrasound Doppler shift method

A review of heat transfer between concentric rotating cylinders with or without axial flow

The steady flow in rectangular cavities is investigated both numerically and experimentally. The flow is driven by moving two facing walls tangentially in opposite directions. It is found that the basic two-dimensional flow is not always unique. For low Reynolds numbers it consists of two separate co-rotating vortices adjacent to the moving walls. If the difference in the sidewall Reynolds numbers is large this flow becomes unstable to a stationary three-dimensional mode with a long wavelength. When the aspect ratio is larger than two and both Reynolds numbers are large, but comparable in magnitude, a second two-dimensional flow exists. It takes the form of a single vortex occupying the whole cavity. This flow is the preferred state in the present experiment. It becomes unstable to a three-dimensional mode that subdivides the basic streched vortex flow into rectangular convective cells. The instability is supercritical when both sidewall Reynolds numbers are the same. When they differ the instability is subcritical. From an energy analysis and from the salient features of the three-dimensional flow it is concluded that the mechanism of destabilization is identical to the destabilization mechanism operative in the elliptical instability of highly strained vortices.

Flow in two-sided lid-driven cavities: non-uniqueness, instabilities, and cellular structures

In this literature survey flow patterns, mixing effects, heat transfer and power required for rotation in scraped surface heat exchangers (SSHE) are thoroughly discussed, with the emphasis on assumptions and results, while the principal design of different SSHEs are only briefly discussed.



The flow patterns control the desired radial mixing and the undesired axial mixing. the flow in a SSHE can be regarded as the sum of an axial flow and a rotational flow. the axial flow is laminar and the rotational flow is laminar or vortical.



With laminar flow the radial mixing is poor, which causes poor heat transfer and allows the axial flow profile to control the residence time distribution. the precise onset of vortical flow in a SSHE is hard to predict. the vortical flow makes the radial mixing very efficient, giving good heat transfer and perhaps plug flow behavior. However, vortical flow also causes axial mixing which reduces the apparent heat transfer coefficient and increases the residence time distribution.



The power required to rotate the shaft and blades is mainly determined by the design of the blades.

SCRAPED SURFACE HEAT EXCHANGERS.: A literature survey of flow patterns, mixing effects, residence time distribution, heat transfer and power requirements.

The endwalls in a Taylor–Couette cell introduce adjacent boundary layers that interact with the centrifugal instability. We investigate the interaction between the endwall Ekman layers and the Taylor vortices near transition from nonvortical to vortical flow via direct numerical simulation using a spectral method. We consider a radius ratio of η=0.75 in a short annulus having a length-to-gap ratio of Γ=6. To analyze the nature of the interaction between the vortices and the endwall layers, three endwall boundary conditions were considered: fixed endwalls, endwalls rotating with the inner cylinder, and stress-free endwalls. Below the critical Taylor number, endwall vortices for rotating endwalls are more than twice the strength of the vortices for fixed endwalls. This trend continues well above the transition to vortical flow, consistent with a simple force balance analysis near the endwalls. Stress-free endwalls result in endwall vortices that are similar in strength to those for rotating endwalls above the critical Taylor number. The endwall conditions significantly change the bifurcation diagram based on the radial velocity near the center of the annulus. For stress-free endwall conditions, the bifurcation is quite sharp, although only one fork of the bifurcation results unless the initial conditions are specifically set to favor the other fork. For rotating and fixed endwalls, there is a continuous transition from a featureless flow to a vortical flow due to the endwall vortices.

Interaction between Ekman pumping and the centrifugal instability in Taylor–Couette flow

Computation of taylor vortex flow by a transient implicit method

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Computation of taylor vortex flow by a transient implicit method