This paper describes the ATLAS experiment as installed in i ts experimental cavern at point 1 at CERN. It also presents a brief overview of the expec ted performance of the detector.

http://absimage.aps.org/image/SES08/MWS_SES08-2008-020010.pdf

The ATLAS Experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

The ever-expanding requirements of high-power targets and accelerator equipment has highlighted the need for facilities capable of accommodating experiments with a diverse range of objectives. HiRadMat, a High Radiation to Materials testing facility at CERN has, throughout operation, established itself as a global user facility capable of going beyond its initial design goals. Pulsed high energy, high intensity, proton beams have been delivered to experiments ranging from materials testing, detector’s prototype validation, radiation to electronics assessment and beam instrumentation. A 440 GeV/c proton beam is provided directly from the CERN SPS. Up to 288 bunches/pulse at a maximum pulse intensity of 3.5 × 10 protons/pulse can be delivered. Through collaborative efforts, HiRadMat has developed into a state-of-the-art facility with improved in situ measurement routines, beam diagnostic systems and data acquisition techniques, offered to all users. This contribution summarises the recent experimental achievements, highlights previous facility enhancements and discusses potential future upgrades with particular focus on HiRadMat as a facility open to novel experiments.

HiRadMat: A Facility Beyond the Realms of Materials Testing

The ATLAS silicon tracker detectors are designed to sustain high dose integrated over several years of operation. This very substantial radiation hardness should also favour the survival of the detector in case of accidental beam losses. An experiment performed in 2006 showed that ATLAS pixel detector modules (silicon planar hybridly coupled with FE-I3 electronics) could survive to beam losses up to $1.5 \cdot 10^{10}$ protons/cm$^{2}$ in a single bunch with minimal or no deterioration of performance. The upgrade of LHC to even higher luminosity (HL-LHC) calls for a new test of these properties. Two test beam campaigns have been done in 2017 and 2018 at the High-Radiation to Materials (HiRadMat) Facility of the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron in order to establish for the first time the damage threshold of different types of ATLAS IBL pixel and ITk strip detectors under very intense proton beam irradiation.

/pdf/study-of-damages-induced-on-atlas-silicon-by-fast-extracted-49i4q8lvcz.pdf

Study of damages induced on ATLAS silicon by fast extracted and intense proton beam irradiation

At the SINBAD facility (DESY Hamburg), novel particle acceleration techniques like dielectric laser acceleration (DLA) structures will be tested using the ARES linac. Due to the small size of these structures, the accelerated electron beams only have a very low (sub-pC) charge. To determine the energy distribution of these beams, a silicon strip detector for the ARES linac spectrometer is currently under development. This detector fulfils the requirements of high spatial resolution for low charge density beams. The detector consists of two 1 cm × 1 cm silicon strip sensors and readout components. The design of the detector, its components and an estimate of its behaviour for a specific electron beam distribution are presented and discussed.

https://robots.iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1350/1/012148/pdf

Development of a silicon strip detector for novel accelerators at SINBAD

The ATLAS detector community is entering in the final stages of sensor development for the future upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). An increase by an order of magnitude of the LHC luminosity, up to 1035 cm−2s−1, will lead to an increased radiation dose delivered to the detector, especially for the devices located in the Inner Tracker. In 2018, an experimental study of the damages induced by a beam-loss over silicon strip detectors was done in the High-Radiation to Materials facility at CERN. A progressive number of proton bunches was extracted from the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron, and focused directly over the strip sensor, in order to emulate the large amount of charge typically generated in a beam-loss failure. This work presents the results obtained during this experiment, showing that Punch-Through Protection effectively protects the AC-coupling capacitors of the silicon sensors from large charge accumulations, but still this scenario could induce damages on the read-out electronics.

Beam-loss damage experiment on ATLAS-like silicon strip modules using an intense proton beam

The ATLAS silicon tracker detectors are designed to sustain a high dose integrated over several years of operation. The radiation hardness should also favor the survival of the detector in case of accidental beam losses. In 2006, a measurement published for the ATLAS Pixel detector modules (silicon planar hybridly coupled with FE-I3 electronics) established that they could survive to beam losses (1.5 × 1 0 10  protons/cm2 in a single bunch) with minimal or no deterioration of performance. In this paper, preliminary results are shown, reporting the effect of a very intensive proton beam releasing a high instantaneous dose in two IBL pixel and one ITk strip module detectors at the HiRadMat facility at CERN.

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Study of damages induced on ATLAS silicon by fast extracted and intense proton beam irradiation