Receiver design for high-speed ptical-fiber systems

The technology of optical-fiber systems is advancing rapidly. Parallel to the development of long-haul telecommunication systems in the gigabits per second data rates operating in the long-wavelength region is the wide penetration of optical-fiber systems in local area networks, video trunking and distribution, sensors, etc. These diversified applications impose different and often conflicting constraints on the optical receiver. This paper re-examines the optical receiver design in view of these different requirements, namely, high receiver sensitivity, wide dynamic range, transparent to the operating bit rate, unrestricted data format, and fast acquisition time. Design tradeoffs between conflicting receiver requirements are considered in detail. In particular, the sensitivity of high-capacity long-wavelength transmission systems is emphasized. The state-of-the-art performance of photodetectors and low-noise amplifiers is discussed. We show that dark current of avalanche photodiodes (APD's) is the main factor limiting the sensitivity of long-wavelength optical receivers. In addition, as an example, we report on the design and experimental performance of a hybridized low-noise optical receiver amplifier capable of more than 2-Gbits/s operation. The input noise spectral density achieved is 9 pA/ \sqrt{Hz} with a noise corner frequency of 920 MHz, corresponding to an equivalent noise resistance of 120 Ω.

Receiver design for high-speed optical-fiber systems

Step-index (SI) fiber designs are commonly used in achieving large mode area (LMA) and single-mode (SM) operation in fiber lasers. These fibers can either be intrinsically single-moded fibers or few-moded fibers, which can be forced into SM operation through bending. In this paper we evaluate the limitation of the effective area for SM operation by taking into account the effects of practical constraints such as fiber bending loss, laser performance, and fiber mechanical reliability on these LMA fiber designs. It is shown that the effective area of these fibers cannot be arbitrarily scaled up with the size of the fiber core. We also use the modeling result to provide estimated upper limits to the core diameters and corresponding effective areas for conventional SI fiber designs taking into account fiber parameters that are achievable nowadays.

Limit of Effective Area for Single-Mode Operation in Step-Index Large Mode Area Laser Fibers

A new ultra-low bending loss single-mode fiber with ring comprising nanometer sized features is designed and manufactured. Bending loss less than 0.1 dB/turn at 1550 nm and a bend radius of 5 mm is demonstrated. Other optical parameters of the fiber are fully compatible the standard telecommunications grade single-mode fibers.

Ultra-Low Bending Loss Single-Mode Fiber for FTTH

Techniques, devices, and systems for generating tunable dispersions to control or compensate for dispersions in optical signals by using wave-guiding grating elements with nonlinear group delays.

Devices and applications based on tunable wave-guiding bragg gratings with nonlinear group delays

A novel design of single polarization fiber is presented. The structure of the fiber comprises an elliptical central air hole with depressed cladding surrounding the core. Parameters that affect the performance of the single polarization fiber in terms of the location of the single polarization operating window and single polarization bandwidth are analyzed. The analysis results in the identification of a fiber design that can yield a single polarization bandwidth as high as 240 nm around 1550 nm.

High bandwidth single polarization fiber with elliptical central air hole

In this paper we report on the design, numerical simulation and experimental testing of a novel dynamic dispersion compensation device based on self-phase modulation (SPM) in nonlinear fiber. The proposed all-fiber device is inherently simple and presents several unique advantages, most notably the potential for a broad-band operation covering all wave-length division multiplexing (WDM) channels of a system and the ability to address variable amounts of residual dispersion in each individual channel. Dynamic compensation ranges of up to 140 ps/nm for a single-stage and 240 ps/nm for a two-stage device are demonstrated with 40 Gb/s CS-RZ signal. It is shown that the device can operate with a minimum channel spacing of 200 GHz. For a two-stage device with inter-stage spectral filtering, simultaneous dynamic dispersion compensation (130 ps/nm for 1 dB penalty) and 2R regeneration (2 dB receiver sensitivity improvement) are demonstrated.

Broad-band dynamic dispersion compensation in nonlinear fiber-based device

An all-fiber linearly polarized laser cavity comprising an all-glass, polarization-maintaining double clad fiber fusion spliced to a single-polarization fiber was demonstrated. The laser exhibited an output power of 62 W with a 20 dB polarization extinction ratio.

High Power, Linearly Polarized Yb-doped Fiber Laser

Summary form only given. Novel dispersion-managed fibers that minimize four-wave mixing (FWM) and other nonlinear effects with built-in dispersion compensation, large effective areas, and low dispersion slopes have been developed. These fibers are also expected to be flexible enough to allow upgrades in both wavelength-division multiplexing and time-division multiplexing approaches. Propagation and FWM efficiency models have been used to optimize the designs and evaluate the system advantages of these fibers.

Novel fibers for dispersion-managed high-bit-rate systems

Two types of DC fibers are presented. The first is an improved high figure of merit (267) negative slope dispersion-compensating fiber intended for DC modules. Also presented is a type II DC fiber intended for field deployment that leads to total broadband dispersion compensation.

Negative slope dispersion compensating fibers

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