Introduction: Following the growing interest in positive psychology, in recent years, research has been rapid growth in forgiveness and its relationship to health. In line with these studies, the purpose of the present study was to assess the role of interpersonal forgiveness in predicting of resilience and pain severity in chronic pain patients. Â Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, 218 patients with chronic pain from several medical centers affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2014 were selected by convenience sampling. The research instrument was three questionnaires: Interpersonal Forgiveness Inventory (IFI), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI). Data was analyzed using correlation and multiple regressions by SSPS-20. Â Results: The results showed that interpersonal forgiveness had significantly positive relationship with resilience in chronic pain patients (P<0.05), while it had no significant correlation with pain severity and age in these patients. Moreover, the results of regression analysis showed that interpersonal forgiveness components predict 42 percentages of resilience scores in chronic pain patients. Â Conclusion: Based on the results of this study development in understanding of concepts in positive adaptability such as interpersonal forgiveness and resilience can help chronic pain patients.

The role of interpersonal forgiveness in resilience and severity of pain in chronic pain patients

مقدمه
 با توجه به کیفیت خواب پایین و شکایت از درد در دختران مبتلا به قاعدگی دردناک اولیه، هدف این پژوهش اثربخشی آموزش های مهربانی با خود و مثبت نگری بر کیفیت خواب و کاهش شدت درد در دختران مبتلا به قاعدگی دردناک اولیه بود. 
مواد و روش ها
این پژوهش، از نوع نیمه آزمایشی بود که به صورت پیش آزمون و پس آزمون چند گروهی انجام شد. نمونه پژوهش 63 نفر از دختران مبتلا به قاعدگی دردناک اولیه بودند که از میان دانش آموزان ناحیه یک شهرستان رشت (متوسطه اول و متوسطه دوم) شناسایی و در دو گروه آزمایش (گروه تحت آموزش مثبت نگری و گروه تحت آموزش مهربانی با خود) و یک گروه کنترل (عدم آموزش) گمارده شدند. برای جمع آوری داده ها، از پرسش نامه غربالگری علایم قبل از قاعدگی، پرسش نامه کیفیت خواب پیترزبورگ و پرسش نامه شدت ادراک درد مک گیل استفاده شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از آزمون تحلیل کوواریانس تک متغیری استفاده شد. 
یافته ها
نتایج نشان داد که آموزش مثبت نگری و آموزش مهربانی با خود بر افزایش کیفیت خواب و کاهش شدت درد در دختران مبتلا به قاعدگی دردناک اولیه موثر بود (P<0/005) و تاثیر آموزش مثبت نگری بر بهبود کیفیت خواب بیشتر از آموزش مهربانی با خود بود (P<0/005) اما مهربانی با خود بر کاهش شدت درد موثر نبود. 
نتیجه گیری
یافته ها حاکی از تاثیر آموزش مثبت نگری و مهربانی با خود در پیشگیری از پیامدهای عصب روان شناختی این سندرم به منظور ارتقای بهزیستی روان شناختی دختران مبتلا قاعدگی دردناک اولیه است.

https://cmja.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-698-en.pdf

The Effectiveness of Self-Compassion Training and Positive Thinking on Sleep Quality and Decrease of Pain Intensity in Girl With Primary Dysmenorrhea

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate bowel preparation burden, rectal pain and abdominal discomfort levels and to determine the association between demographic characteristics and those levels among participants undergoing CT colonography and colonoscopy. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in eligible Thai citizens who consented to participate all four visits of a free colorectal cancer screening protocol. Three levels (mild, moderate and severe) of burden, pain and discomfort were used to ask the perspective of participants at the final visit, one week after undergoing those two procedures. Results: Data from 1,271 participants completed for analyses - females 815 (64.1%), males 456 (35.9%). The majority of participants experienced mild burden, pain and discomfort. Association between characteristic groups and burden levels differed regarding own income, chronic disease and laxative. Between characteristic groups and pain and discomfort levels differed regarding own income and chronic disease. Participants without their own income rated severe burden lower than those who had (p<0.001), but those without chronic disease rated moderate burden lower than who had (p=0.003). Participants prepared bowel with spilt-dose of PEG rated moderate burden higher than those who prepared with NaP (p<0.001). Participants undergoing CT colonography without their own income and presenting no chronic disease faced severe rectal pain lower than those who had (p<0.001 and p=0.04). Participants without their own income rated moderate and severe abdominal discomfort lower than those who had (p<0.01 and p=0.008). Participants undergoing colonoscopy without their own income and no chronic diseases faced severe rectal pain lower than those who had (p<0.001 and p=0.007). Participants without their own income and no chronic disease rated severe abdominal discomfort lower than those who had (p<0.001 and p=0.005). Conclusion: Evaluating the perspectives of customers alongside quality improvement and innovation to reduce unpleasant experiences remains needed in CT colonography and colonoscopy to promote CRC screening.

pdf/bowel-preparation-burden-rectal-pain-and-abdominal-2qecd6a0fh.pdf

Bowel Preparation Burden, Rectal Pain and Abdominal Discomfort: Perspective of Participants Undergoing CT Colonography and Colonoscopy

Aim To investigate the thrifty effects of subanesthetic-dose S-ketamine on postoperative opioids and its safety and analgesic efficacy. Methods Four-hundred and twenty patients were divided into the control group (CON group), the S-ketamine 0.2 mg/kg group (ES0.2 group), and the S-ketamine 0.3 mg/kg group (ES0.3 group) randomly. Major indicators include the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the times of compression with analgesic pumps after surgery, and analgesic drug consumption from anesthesia induction to 48 h after surgery. Minor records include vital signs, the use of vasoactive drugs, the Ramsay scores, the occurrence of adverse events including nervous system reaction, and the patient's satisfaction with anesthesia. Results Compared with the CON group, VAS scores decreased in the ES0.2 and ES0.3 groups (p < 0.05). At 10 min after extubation, the VAS scores of the ES0.3 group were lower than that of the ES0.2 group (p < 0.05). The total number of compression with analgesic pumps of the ES0.3 group was lower than that of the CON group (p < 0.05). The opioid consumption after surgery of the ES0.3 group was lower than those of the CON group and the ES0.2 group (p < 0.05). The ES0.3 group's heart rate (HR) was faster but the use of vasoactive, drug consumption was less than the other two groups (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative adverse events and anesthetic satisfaction among the three groups. Conclusion Subanesthetic-dose S-ketamine at 0.2–0.3 mg/kg especially the 0.3 mg/kg in general anesthesia induction can safely and effectively reduce postoperative pain and save postoperative opioid consumption. 

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ibra.12104

Thrifty effect of subanesthetic‐dose S‐ketamine on postoperative opioids and its safety and analgesic effectiveness: A prospective, triple‐blind, randomized controlled, polycentric clinical trial

4. Forgive Self 28.37 (8.24) -0.06 -0.11 -0.40 1.00 5. Forgive Other 29.00 (7.43) 0.01 -0.05 -0.26 0.54 1.00 6. Forgive Situation 28.62 (7.65) 0.01 -0.11 -0.44 0.70 0.68 1.00 7. Forgive Total 85.99 (20.43) -0.02 -0.10 -0.42 0.88 0.83 0.92 1.00 8. Blame Self 3.04 (2.09) 0.11 0.20 0.25 -0.42 -0.34 -0.39 -0.45 1.00 9. Blame Other 2.93 (2.09) 0.17 0.15 0.15 -0.34 -0.30 -0.37 -0.38 0.07 1.00 10. Blame Circumstance 4.10 (2.13) 0.09 0.07 0.08 -0.38 -0.24 -0.29 -0.35 0.33 0.46 1.00 11. Blame Total 10.08 (4.57) 0.17 0.19 0.22 -0.53 -0.41 -0.48 -0.54 0.64 0.70 0.82 1.00 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). *. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). N = 90

Forgiveness, psychological distress and chronic pain: have we missed something?

Aims: Computed tomography colonography (CTC) is seen as a more tolerable alternative to colonoscopy, but patients struggle with the steps required for optimal diagnostic imaging. This prospective study aims to understand the experience of patients undergoing CTC. Methods: A survey was completed by a convenience sample of patients before and after CTC over 7 months. The 13-item questionnaire covered pre-test information, overall and specific experience of the test. The responses were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative free-text responses were coded for content and thematic analysis. Results: At a response rate of 51%, surveys were received from 41 patients. Overall, most patients (54%) found the investigation better than expected. However, 18% stated they were not informed of potential side effects. Side effects were experienced by 49% of patients, including diarrhea (34%) and abdominal pain (24%). About 59% experienced discomfort with gas insufflation, and 86% found turning during the investigation difficult. Conclusion: A significant proportion of patients undergoing CTC experience side effects and difficulties completing the investigation. Patient information is important to improve patient experience of CTC.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/23743735221117926

Computed Tomography Colonography (CTC): Is It Really the Non-Invasive Option We Think It Is? A Patient Experience Study

About 275 million people worldwide aged between 15 and 64 years used drugs at least once since 2016. Initial estimations suggest that 13.8 million young people between 15 and 16 years used cannabis every year. Recreational drug use contributes significantly to mortality as well as physical and mental health problems. A number of urological complications can arise from the use of common and emerging recreational drugs which can present as wide spectrum affecting lower and upper urinary tracts, kidneys, sexual organs as well as sexual dysfunction. In order to effectively manage these issues, urologists need to be cognizant of these complications in their patients, particularly among youths. This review attempted to consolidate available data and provide insight into this issue; however, further population-based epidemiological studies are needed to provide necessary guidelines.

Urological Implications Associated with the Use of Recreational Drugs: A Narrative Review

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Forgiveness, psychological distress and chronic pain: have we missed something?

Computed Tomography Colonography (CTC): Is It Really the Non-Invasive Option We Think It Is? A Patient Experience Study

Urological Implications Associated with the Use of Recreational Drugs: A Narrative Review