Physics of shock waves and high-temperature hydrodynamic phenomena - Ya.B. Zeldovich and Yu.P. Raizer (translated from the Russian and then edited by Wallace D. Hayes and Ronald F. Probstein); Dover Publications, New York, 2002, 944 pp., $34.

A Calculation of Atomic Structures. By D. R. Hartree Pp. xiii, 181. 40s. 1957. (Wiley, New York)

A vibrational collisional model based on the database of the University of Bari is used to investigate nonequilibrium phenomena in nitrogen nozzle flows. For the cases studied, the vibrational distribution in the divergent section appeared to significantly deviate from a Boltzmann distribution. Multiquanta Vibration-Translation processes are shown to have a major influence on the recombination of the flow and on the shape of the vibrational distribution along the nozzle axis. Based on these results, a reduced model is derived with n groups of vibrational levels with their own internal temperatures to model the shape of the vibrational distribution. In this model, energy and chemistry source terms are calculated self-consistently from the rate coefficients of the vibrational database. For the studied nozzle flows, a good agreement is observed between the results of the vibrational collisional model with 68 levels and those of the reduced model with only 3 groups of levels.

Consistent multi-internal-temperatures models for nonequilibrium nozzle flows

A study of the dependence of transport coefficients (thermal conductivity, viscosity, electrical conductivity) of local thermodynamic equilibrium H2 plasmas on the presence of electronically atomic excited states, H(n), is reported. The results show that excited states with their "abnormal" cross sections strongly affect the transport coefficients especially at high pressure. Large relative errors are found when comparing the different quantities with the corresponding values obtained by using ground-state transport cross sections. The accuracy of the present calculation is finally discussed in the light of the selection of transport cross sections and in dependence of the considered number of excited states.

Transport properties of local thermodynamic equilibrium hydrogen plasmas including electronically excited states.

Vibrational relaxation rates from Schwartz–Slawsky–Herzfeld theory and the forced-harmonic oscillator model are used to study the flow of nitrogen in the stagnation region of a blunt body. The mass conservation equations are coupled to the momentum and total energy equations, and solved using an implicit finite-volume computational fluid dynamics method. The effects of single- and multiple-quantum vibration–translation transitions and vibration–vibration transitions are studied. Also, the effect of the mass diffusion of the excited oscillators across the shock layer is investigated. It is found that highly non-Boltzmann vibrational distributions are present in the flow field, and that the forced-harmonic oscillator model predicts that dissociation occurs from the low vibrational levels only.

Detailed simulation of nitrogen dissociation in stagnation regions

Electron energy distribution functions (eedf) in CO2 laser discharge (He—CO2—N2—CO mixture) have been calculated by solving the Boltzmann equation in the presence of given concentrations of excited (vibrational and electronic) states. The results show a well structured eedf as a result of second kind collisions coming from metastable electronic states of N2 and He as well as a strong dependence of rate coefficients for CO2 dissociation and for the ionization of the different species.

Electron Energy Distribution Functions in CO2 Laser Mixture: The Effects of Second Kind Collisions from Metastable Electronic States

Influence of O(v)+N=NO+O on NO Formation in One-Dimensional Air Nozzle Flow

Vibrationally relaxing flow of N2 past an infinite cylinder according to state-to-state vibrational kinetics and to the harmonic-oscillator model

Tables of internal partition functions and thermodynamic properties of high-temperature air species from 50 K to 100000 K

Two-Temperature Saha Equations: Effects on Thermophysical Properties of H Plasmas

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