Comparative analysis of vermicompost quality produced from rice straw and paper waste employing earthworm Eisenia fetida (Sav.).

The aim of this review is to generate awareness and understand the importance of earthworms in sustainable agriculture and effect of pesticides on their action. The natural resources are finite and highly prone to degradation by the misuse of land and mismanagement of soil. The world is in utter need of a healthy ecosystem that provides with fertile soil, clean water, food and other natural resources. Anthropogenic activities have led to an increased contamination of land. The intensification of industrial and agricultural practices chiefly the utilization of pesticides has in almost every way made our natural resources concave. Earthworms help in a number of tasks that support many ecosystem services that favor agrosystem sustainability but are degraded by exhaustive practices such as the use of pesticides. The present review assesses the response of earthworm toward the pesticides and also evaluates the relationship between earthworm activity and plant growth. We strictly need to refresh and rethink on the policies and norms devised by us on sustainable ecology. In an equivalent way, the natural resources should be utilized and further, essential ways for betterment of present and future livelihood should be sought.

Earthworms, pesticides and sustainable agriculture: a review

Cleaner production of agriculturally valuable benignant materials from industry generated bio-wastes: A review

Instrumental analysis of vermicompost with the help of modern technologies provides essential information on its maturity, before it can be used for agricultural application. Nowadays, vermicompost is considered as a promising organic alternative to chemical fertilizers in agriculture and horticulture. The objectives of this review are to summarize the sophisticated instrumental techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry (TG), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy techniques, physico-chemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon content, C:N ratio, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium) and biological indicator (germination index) to determine the maturity of vermicompost produced from organic wastes. These techniques are reliable, fast and are capable of tracking organic waste degradation during the bioconversion process and fertilizing ability of the final product. SEM analysis provides essential information on surface morphology of vermicompost samples. The SEM micrograph of final vermicompost reveals disaggregation. In contrast, the initial SEM micrograph reflects robust and relatively contiguous structures. FT-IR spectroscopy technique is used to confirm the decomposition of polypeptides, polysaccharides, aliphatic, aromatic, carboxylic, phenolic groups and lignin during vermicomposting of organic wastes. TG method is used to characterize organic waste mineralization where progressive reduction in the mass loss of vermicompost indicates net mineralization and degradation. UV-vis spectroscopy is used to assess the degree of humification. The sharp fall in humification index during vermicomposting process indicates high level of organic material humification. Changes in physico-chemical and biological parameters are also an indicative parameter for organic waste mineralization as well as vermicompost stability and maturity.

/pdf/instrumental-characterization-of-organic-wastes-for-3h7gooxh5m.pdf

Instrumental characterization of organic wastes for evaluation of vermicompost maturity

Analysis and advanced characterization of municipal solid waste vermicompost maturity for a green environment.

The vermicompost produced from flower waste inoculated with biofertilizers was subjected to compost maturity test: (i) physicochemical method (pH, OC, TN, C:N); (ii) solid state spectroscopic analysis (FTIR and (13)C CPMAS NMR); and (iii) plant bioassay (germination index). The pH of vermicompost was decreased toward neutral, C:N ratio < 20; reduced organic carbon with increased nitrogen indicates the compost attains maturity. The final vermicomposts result shows reduction of complex organic materials into simple minerals which indicates the maturity of the experimental vermicompost product than the control. The increased aliphatic portion incorporated with flower residues may be due to the synthesis of alkyl, O-alkyl, and COO groups by the microbes present in the gut of earthworm. Plant bioassays are considered the most conventional assessment of compost maturity analysis, and subsequently, it shows the effect of vermicompost maturity on the germination index of Vigna mungo .

Compost maturity assessment using physicochemical, solid-state spectroscopy, and plant bioassay analysis.

Vermicompost was produced from flower waste inoculated with biofertilizers using the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were carried out on the basis of physicochemical parameters of vermicomposted samples. From the results of the PCA and CA, it was possible to classify two different groups of vermicompost samples in the following categories: E2 and E5; and E1, E3, E4, and control. Scanning electron microscopy and biodynamic circular paper chromatography analysis were used to investigate the changes in surface morphology and functional groups in the control and vermicompost products. SEM analysis of E1–E5 shows more fragment and pores than the control. Chromatographic analysis of vermicompost indicated the mature condition of the compost materials.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jf4054403

Evaluation of vermicompost maturity using scanning electron microscopy and paper chromatography analysis.

3 Abstract: This present study evaluates the growth, yield and quality of Groundnut (Arachis hypogea) by flower waste compost (E1), Flower waste vermicompost (E2), vermicompost enriched with biofertilizers such as Azospirillum (E3), phosphate solubilizing bacteria (E4), blue green algae (E5) and rhizobium (E6) compared with commercial NPK fertilizers (E7) and control (CO). The aim of this study to assess the effect of vermicompost, integrated with vermicompost enriched with biofertilizers for growth, yield and quality of groundnut. All the experimental groundnut plants showed significant morphological growth rate RL, TL, Fwt-R, Dwt-R, RN (p 0.05). In all the experimental plants (E1-E6) leaves pigment concentration increases and boost up the yield parameters such as PP, SW and also increases the Oil content significantly at p<0.05. A highest Harvest Index (HI) was recorded in E6 followed by E3 and other vermicompost treated plants than E7 and CO. From the above results it was clearly observed that vermicompost (E2) and biofertilizer enriched vermicompost (E3-E6) shows maximum growth rate and yield than the E7 and CO. The organic fractions of flower waste vermicompost and microorganisms in the biofertilizers could be an alternative to chemical fertilizers to improving the growth and yield of groundnut.

/pdf/influence-of-biofertilizer-mixed-flower-waste-vermicompost-f29206g7mw.pdf

Influence of Biofertilizer Mixed Flower Waste Vermicompost on the Growth, Yield and Quality of Groundnut (Arachis hypogea)

/pdf/impact-of-biofertilizers-on-growth-and-reproductive-17korqewmb.pdf

Impact of Biofertilizers on Growth and Reproductive Performance of Eisenia fetida (Savigny 1926) During Flower Waste Vermicomposting Process

3 Abstract: An experiment was conducted in glass jars for seven weeks to assess the efficacy of vermicompost and vermicompost enriched with biofertilizers on the production and growth of primary producers and aquarium fishes. Water quality parameters were found to be within the optimum level of aquarium fish culture in all the experiments. Five groups of phytoplankton (Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Charophyceae and Euglenophyceae) and two groups of Zooplanktons (Protozoans and Rotifers) were identified. The result shows that E2 enhances high plankton production than others and recommended for primary production in aquaculture. The growth rate of Aquarium fish Silver Tetra (Ctenobrycon spilurus) and Platy (Xiphophorus maculatus) were analyzed by feeding with the plankton (T1); aquarium feed (T2) and combination of both (T3). A high level of weight gained, Percentage weight gained (%) and Specific growth rate (SGR) was recorded in combination feeding group (T3).

/pdf/efficacy-of-biofertilizer-enriched-flower-waste-vermicompost-1cr8j95n31.pdf

Efficacy of Biofertilizer Enriched Flower Waste Vermicompost on Production and Growth of Primary Producers and Freshwater Aquarium Fishes

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