In this paper we summarize recent developments in passive resonator gyros in our labora­ tory. The resonators investigated include a mirror resonator and also an all-fiber resonator. Preliminary performance data and important sources of error are presented. The interest in passive ring resonator gyros1 rather than active resonator2 ones (commonly referred to as ring laser gyros or RLG) is based on the fact that the passive resonator approach offers very simple solutions to the major problems encountered in RLG's, such as lock-in and other gain medium related effects. In addition, the passive resonator approach lends itself to the development of an all solid state optical gyro. The operation of a passive ring resonator gyro is based on the measurement of the difference in resonance frequency, Af, for counter-propagating fields induced by an inertial rotation rate, ft, normal to the plane of the cavity. The dependence of Af on the area, A, and the optical perimeter, P, of the resonator is given by: 4 f A Af - ° o CQ P where fo is the average frequency of the fields propagating in the cavity and co is the speed of light in vacuum. It should be noted that this expression is identical to that for an RLG. Ring resonators may be classified according to the way the light is confined within the resonator, i.e. by using mirrors, optical fibers or thin film waveguides. In each case, the ratio of area to perimeter, A/P, is made as large as possible to maximize the scale factor, 4(fp/c0)(A/P), of the gyro. In order to measure the difference in resonance frequencies (Af) of the counter-propagating directions, light from an external laser (or lasers) is in­ jected into the cavity along both directions to determine the location of the corresponding resonances. The actual measurement of Af may be made by either open loop or closed loop techniques. Closed loop operation may use, for example, acousto-optic frequency shifters (Bragg cells) placed outside the cavity or a Faraday cell placed within the cavity1. In this paper we summarize recent data obtained in our laboratory for a mirror resona­ tor^ as well as a fiber resonator gyro . Figure 1 is a schematic representation of our mirror resonator gyro setup that uses external Bragg cells for closed loop operation. Light from a single frequency 0.5 mW HE-NE laser is split into two beams, each of which is shifted in frequency by a Bragg cell (A/0) before entering the resonator. The polarization of the light is aligned with one of the polarization axes of the resonator. The beam propagating in the clockwise (CW) direction is shifted by a fixed frequency f)_, and the counterclockwise (CCW) beam is shifted by f2. As described elsewhere4, the CW resonance of the cavity is automatically locked to fQ+f^ by means of a primary feedback loop driving a piezoelectrically controlled cavity mirror or mirrors (£Q is the laser frequency). The operation of the feed­ back loop is based on a 32 kHz cavity modulation rate, referred to as fmf with a peak to peak frequency excursion selected to achieve optimum discriminant sensitivity corresponding to the cavity line-width. The signal from photodetector (PD 1) monitoring the output of the CW beam is first passed through a notch filter at 2 fm before phase sensitive demodula­ tion at PSD 1. The resulting discriminant drives the piezo-electric transducer (PZT) through servo electronics.

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